Arterial Stiffness In Hypertension

Main headings: I. Basic concepts of pulsatile arterial hemodynamics. - II. Pathophysiological mechanisms. - III. Arterial stiffness, wave reflections, cardiovascular risk and end-organ damage. - IV. Clinical aspects of arterial stiffness and wave reflections. - V. Therapeutic aspects of arterial stiffness and wave reflections.

Recent studies show that more people than ever before are reaching old age in better health and enjoying that health for a longer time. This Handbook outlines the latest discoveries in the study of aging from bio-medicine, psychology, and socio-demography. It treats the study of aging as a multidisciplinary scientific subject, since it requires the interplay of broad disciplines, while offering high motivation, positive attitudes, and behaviors for aging well, and lifestyle changes that will help people to stay healthier across life span and in old age. Written by leading scholars from various academic disciplines, the chapters delve into the most topical aspects of aging today - including biological mechanisms of aging, aging with health, active and productive aging, aging with satisfaction, aging with respect, and aging with dignity. Aimed at health professionals as well as general readers, this Cambridge Handbook offers a new, positive approach to later life.

This new, revised and updated edition takes into account the most recent advances in the understanding of human pathophysiology. The book presents the complex basic principles of vascular hemodynamics and its pathophysiologie in a direct and effective way, stressing the importance of the mechanical properties of large arteries in the origin of blood pressure. The readily understandable text, supported by helpful images, describes the elements that define blood pressure and explains such important concepts as pulse wave velocity, central blood pressure, reflected waves, and pulse pressure amplification. Entirely new chapters are included on the sympathetic nervous system and arterial stiffness and on the role played by arterial stiffness in influencing blood pressure variability. The book will enable the physician to answer some of the key questions encountered when addressing the problem of arterial hypertension in everyday clinical practice: How is blood pressure generated? How should blood pressure values be interpreted? Is systolic blood pressure of greater importance than diastolic blood pressure?

Early Vascular Aging (EVA): New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection, Second Edition continues to be the most comprehensive and authoritative resource on premature alterations in artery structure and function. The book presents a novel approach to the problem of cardiovascular disease, showing it in relation to great vessels disease and revealing a comprehensive approach to the problem of increased rigidity of the great vessels, its causes, and further consequences. This second edition contains completely updated content with expanded coverage of basic and translational research, systematic reviews of the most prominent literature, discussion of applicability of new evidence and more. Written by an international team of clinicians and researchers, this is a valuable resource to basic and translational scientists, clinical researchers and clinicians in the cardiovascular field interested in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EVA. Contains all the relevant information available on the main paradigm shifts in vascular aging research, from different fields of knowledge (from basic biology to epidemiology) Reviews the most prominent evidence produced on early vascular aging (EVA), highlighting recent research advances, clinical applications, and research opportunities Formulates, in each chapter, a set of research questions that need to be addressed, challenging the vast research community to take on new directions and collaborations

In cardiovascular prevention, there is classically a small number of cardiovascular risk factors to treat, such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and smoking excess, which are widely detected and treated. Recently, it has been widely recognized that new mechanical factors should be detected and treated and involves specifically pulsatile arterial hemodynamic (PAH) parameters such as: arterial stiffness, pulse pressure, and, to a lesser extent, augmentation index and pulse pressure amplification. The pedagogic aspect of this new CV specialty involves 3 principal parts: a. –Basic concepts and pathophysiological mechanisms of PAHb. –Clinical aspects and end-organ damage in PAHc. – Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics of PAH This book represents the first that spans basic science and clinical management of this new CV subspecialty. Much has been learned regarding the management of these patients in recent years and this book presents extensive data on the techniques needed to maximize outcomes.​

Textbook of Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile Hemodynamics in Health and Disease, Two Volume Set covers the principles, physiology, biologic pathways, clinical implications and therapeutics surrounding arterial stiffness and pulsatile hemodynamics, along with a thorough overview of the field. The book presents complex engineering concepts in a way that those in science and medicine can more easily understand. It includes detailed illustrations. Additionally, it presents advanced bioengineering concepts in boxes for readers who wants more in-depth biophysical knowledge. This is a must-have reference for students, researchers and clinicians interested in learning more about this field. Incorporates case studies and calculations/worked examples with mathematical principles explained in a conceptual manner without complicated formulas Features chapter contributions from leading international researchers and clinicians Covers principles, physiology, biologic pathways, clinical implications and therapeutics

This book explains how hypertension affects 20-50% of the adult population in developed countries. Heart failure is the result of the hypertension's effects on the heart and it represents a growing public health problem. In this context the international scientific community is continuously struggling to develop better strategies in screening, diagnosing and treating hypertension and its deleterious effects. Thus, this field is continuously changing, with new important information being added constantly. This volume will offer both insights into the intimate mechanisms of transition from hypertension to heart failure and clinical practice advice on the prevention and treatment of heart failure in hypertensive population. The mechanisms which explain the progression from hypertension to heart failure will be also covered exhaustively by offering two chapters referring to the diagnosis of heart failure in hypertensive population and one regarding echocardiography which is the most frequently used imaging method in clinical practice. The reader will be also provided with information on cardiovascular magnetic resonance which has the unique advantage of differentiating hypertensive heart failure from other pathologies associated with increased myocardial thickness. This book is a useful tool for clinicians but also to the research community interested in heart failure and consequences of hypertension on heart who want to be up-to-date with the new developments in the field.

This book is a dedicated resource for those sitting the Part A of the MCEM (Membership of the College of Emergency Medicine) examination. It forms an essential revision guide for emergency trainees who need to acquire a broad understanding of the basic sciences, which underpin their approach to clinical problems in the emergency department. Common clinical scenarios are used to highlight the essential underlying basic science principles, providing a link between clinical management and a knowledge of the underlying anatomical, physiological, pathological and biochemical processes. Multiple choice questions with reasoned answers are used to confirm the candidates understanding and for self testing. Unlike other recent revision books which provide MCQ questions with extended answers, this book uses clinical cases linked to the most recent basic science aspects of the CEM syllabus to provide a book that not only serves as a useful revision resource for the Part A component of the MCEM examination, but also a unique way of understanding the processes underlying common clinical cases seen every day in the emergency department. This book is essential for trainees sitting the Part A of the MCEM exam and for clinicians and medical students who need to refresh their knowledge of basic sciences relevant to the management of clinical emergencies.