Arthashastra Economics By Dr Anupam Agarwal Mrs Sharad Agarwal Sbpd Publications

Strictly according to the latest syllabus prescribed by Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), Delhi and State Boards of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Haryana, H.P. etc. & Navodaya, Kasturba, Kendriya Vidyalayas etc. following CBSE curriculum based on NCERT guidelines. Part A : Introductory Micro Economics 1.Micro Economics : An Introduction, 2. Central Problems of an Economy, 3. Consumer’s Equilibrium, 4. Demand and Law of Demand, 5. Price Elasticity of Demand, 6. Production Function : Returns to a Factor and Returns to Scale, 7. Production Costs, 8. Concepts of Revenue, 9. Producer’s Equilibrium : Meaning and Conditions, 10. Supply and Law of Supply, 11. Elasticity of Supply, 12. Different Forms of Market : Meaning and Features, 13. Market Equilibrium Under Perfect Competition and Effects of Shifts in Demand & Supply, 14. Simple Applications of Tools of Demand and Supply, Part B : Introductory Macro Economics 15. Macro Economics : Meaning, 16. Circular Flow of Income, 17. Concepts and Aggregates related to National Income, 18. Measurement of National Income, 19. Money : Meaning, Evolution and Functions, 20. Commercial Banks and Credit Creation, 21. Central Bank : Meaning and Functions, 22. Recent Significant Reforms and Issues in Indian Banking System : Privatisation and Modernisation, 23. Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply and Related Concepts (Propensity to Consume, Propensity to Save and Investment), 24. Short Run Equilibrium Output, 25. Investment Multiplier and its Mechanism, 26. Problems of Deficient and Excess Demand, 27. Measures to Correct Deficient Demand and Excess Demand, 28. Government Budget and Economy, 29. Foreign Exchange Rate, 30. Balance of Payment Accounts : Meaning and Components. Model Paper Board Examination Papers

This Book has been written in accordance with the New Syllabus of Madhyamik Shiksha Mandal, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal & Chhattisgarh board of secondary education, Raipur based on the curriculum of CBSE/NCERT. Paper-I Statistics for Economics UNIT - I 1.What is Economics ?, 2 .Statistics : Meaning, Scope and Importance , UNIT - II Collection, Organisation and Presentation of Data 3 .Collection of Data—Primary and Secondary Data, 4. Methods of Data Collection : Census and Sampling Methods, 5 .Some Important Sources of Secondary Data—Census and N.S.S.O., 6. Organisation of Data—Classification, 7 .Presentation of Data—Tables, 8. Diagrammatic Presentation of Data , 9 Graphic (Time Series and Frequency Distribution) Presentation of Data , UNIT - III Statistical Tools and Interpretation 10. Measures of Central Tendency—Airthmetic Average, 11. Measures of Central Tendency—Median and Mode , 12 .Measures of Dispersion, 13 .Correlation, 14. Index Number , 15. Some Mathematical Tools Used in Economics : Slope of A Line, Slope of a Curve and Equation of Line, UNIT - IV Developing Projjects in Economics 16.Formation of Project in Economics, Paper-II Indian Economic Development UNIT - V Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Regorms sice 1991 1.State of Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence , 2 .Common Goals of Five Year Plans in India, 3. Agriculture—Features, Problems and Policies, 4. Industries—Features, Problems and Policies (Industrial Licensing etc.), 5 .Foreign Trade of India—Features, Problems and Policies, UNIT - VI Economic Reforms Since 1991 6 .Economics Reforms in India—Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation (L.P.G.) Policies, UNIT - VII Current Challenges Facing Indian Economy 7. Poverty and Main Programmes of Poverty Alleviation, 8. Rural Development : Key Issues, 9. Human Capital Formations , 10. Employment : Growth, Informalisation and other Issues , 11. Inflation : Problems and Policies, 12. Infrastructure : Meaning and Type (Case Studies : Energy and Health), 13. Sustainable Economic Development and Environment, UNIT - VIII Development Experience of India 14 .Development Experience of India : A Comparison with Pakistan and China, Log and Antilog Table

Strictly according to the latest syllabus prescribed by State Board of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Haryana, H.P. etc. following CBSE curriculum based on NCERT guidelines. PART A : STATISTICS FOR ECONOMICS Unit 1 : Introduction What is Economics ? Meaning, Scope and Importance of Statistics in Economics. Unit 2 : Collection, Organisation and Presentation of Data Collection of Data : Sources of Data : Primary and Secondary; How Basic Data is Collected; Methods of Collecting Data; Some Important Sources of Secondary Data : Census of India and National Sample Survey Organisation. Organisation of Data : Meaning and Types of Variables; Frequency Distribution. Presentation of Data : Tabular Presentation and Diagrammatic Presentation of Data : (i) Geometric Forms (Bar Diagrams and Pie Diagrams), (ii) Frequency Diagrams (Histogram, Polygon and Ogive) and (iii) Arithmetic Line Graphs (Time Series Graph). Unit 3 : Statistical Tools and Interpretation (For all the Numerical Problems and Solutions, the Appropriate Economic Interpretation may be attempted. This Means, the Students Need to Solve the Problems and Provide Interpretation for the Results Derived). Measures of Central Tendency—Mean (Simple and Weighted), Median and Mode. Measures of Dispersion—Absolute Dispersion (Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation and Standard Deviation) Relative Dispersion (Co-efficient of Quartile Deviation, Co-efficient of Mean Deviation, Co-efficient of Variation); Lorenz Curve: Meaning and its Application. Correlation—Meaning, Scatter Diagram; Measures of Correlation—Karl Pearson's Method (Two Variables Ungrouped Data), Spearman’s Rank Correlation. Introduction to Index Numbers—Meaning, Types—Wholesale Price Index, Consumer Price Index and Index of Industrial Production, Uses of Index Numbers; Inflation and Index Numbers. Some Mathemetical Tools used in Economics : Equation of a Line, Scope of a Line, Scope of a Curve. Unit 4 : Developing Projects in Economics The Students may be Encouraged to Develop Projects, which have Primary Data, Secondary Data or Both. Case Studies of a Few Organisations/Outlets may also be Encouraged. Some of the Examples of the Projects are as follows (they are not Mandatory but Suggestive) : (i) A Report on Demographic Structure of your Neighbourhood; (ii) Consumer Awareness amongst Households; (iii) Changing Prices of a Few Vegetables in your Market; (iv) Study of a Co-operative Institution : Milk Co-operatives. The Idea Behind Introducing this unit is to enable the Students to Develop the Ways and Mean by which a Project can be Developed using the Skills Learned in the Course. This Includes all the steps involved in Designing a Project Starting from Choosing a Title, Exploring the Information relating to the Title, Collection of Primary and Secondary Data, Analysing the Data, Presentation of the Project and using Various Statistical Tools and their Interpretation and Conclusion.

Part A : Introductory Micro Economics 1.Micro Economics : An Introduction, 2. Central Problems of an Economy, 3. Consumer’s Equilibrium, 4. Demand and Law of Demand, 5. Price Elasticity of Demand, 6. Production Function : Returns to a Factor and Returns to Scale, 7. Production Costs, 8. Concepts of Revenue, 9. Producer’s Equilibrium : Meaning and Conditions, 10. Supply and Law of Supply, 11. Elasticity of Supply, 12. Different Forms of Market : Meaning and Features, 13. Market Equilibrium Under Perfect Competition and Effects of Shifts in Demand & Supply, 14. Simple Applications of Tools of Demand and Supply, Part B : Introductory Macro Economics 15. Macro Economics : Meaning, 16. Circular Flow of Income, 17. Concepts and Aggregates related to National Income, 18. Measurement of National Income, 19. Money : Meaning, Evolution and Functions, 20. Commercial Banks and Credit Creation, 21. Central Bank : Meaning and Functions, 22. Recent Significant Reforms and Issues in Indian Banking System : Privatisation and Modernisation, 23. Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply and Related Concepts (Propensity to Consume, Propensity to Save and Investment), 24. Short Run Equilibrium Output, 25. Investment Multiplier and its Mechanism, 26. Problems of Deficient and Excess Demand, 27. Measures to Correct Deficient Demand and Excess Demand, 28. Government Budget and Economy, 29. Foreign Exchange Rate, 30. Balance of Payment Accounts : Meaning and Components. Model Paper Board Examination Papers

Part A : Introductory Micro Economics 1.Micro Economics : An Introduction, 2. Central Problems of an Economy, 3. Consumer’s Equilibrium, 4. Demand and Law of Demand, 5. Price Elasticity of Demand, 6. Production Function : Returns to a Factor and Returns to Scale, 7. Production Costs, 8. Concepts of Revenue, 9. Producer’s Equilibrium : Meaning and Conditions, 10. Supply and Law of Supply, 11. Elasticity of Supply, 12. Different Forms of Market : Meaning and Features, 13. Market Equilibrium Under Perfect Competition and Effects of Shifts in Demand & Supply, 14. Simple Applications of Tools of Demand and Supply, Part B : Introductory Macro Economics 15. Macro Economics : Meaning, 16. Circular Flow of Income, 17. Concepts and Aggregates related to National Income, 18. Measurement of National Income, 19. Money : Meaning, Evolution and Functions, 20. Commercial Banks and Credit Creation, 21. Central Bank : Meaning and Functions, 22. Recent Significant Reforms and Issues in Indian Banking System : Privatisation and Modernisation, 23. Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply and Related Concepts (Propensity to Consume, Propensity to Save and Investment), 24. Short Run Equilibrium Output, 25. Investment Multiplier and its Mechanism, 26. Problems of Deficient and Excess Demand, 27. Measures to Correct Deficient Demand and Excess Demand, 28. Government Budget and Economy, 29. Foreign Exchange Rate, 30. Balance of Payment Accounts : Meaning and Components.

Paper-I Statistics for Economics UNIT - I 1.What is Economics ?, 2 .Statistics : Meaning, Scope and Importance , UNIT - II Collection, Organisation and Presentation of Data 3 .Collection of Data—Primary and Secondary Data, 4. Methods of Data Collection : Census and Sampling Methods, 5 .Some Important Sources of Secondary Data—Census and N.S.S.O., 6. Organisation of Data—Classification, 7 .Presentation of Data—Tables, 8. Diagrammatic Presentation of Data , 9 Graphic (Time Series and Frequency Distribution) Presentation of Data , UNIT - III Statistical Tools and Interpretation 10. Measures of Central Tendency—Airthmetic Average, 11. Measures of Central Tendency—Median and Mode , 12 .Measures of Dispersion, 13 .Correlation, 14. Index Number , 15. Some Mathematical Tools Used in Economics : Slope of A Line, Slope of a Curve and Equation of Line, UNIT - IV Developing Projjects in Economics 16.Formation of Project in Economics, Paper-II Indian Economic Development UNIT - V Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Regorms sice 1991 1.State of Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence , 2 .Common Goals of Five Year Plans in India, 3. Agriculture—Features, Problems and Policies, 4. Industries—Features, Problems and Policies (Industrial Licensing etc.), 5 .Foreign Trade of India—Features, Problems and Policies, UNIT - VI Economic Reforms Since 1991 6 .Economics Reforms in India—Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation (L.P.G.) Policies, UNIT - VII Current Challenges Facing Indian Economy 7. Poverty and Main Programmes of Poverty Alleviation, 8. Rural Development : Key Issues, 9. Human Capital Formations , 10. Employment : Growth, Informalisation and other Issues , 11. Inflation : Problems and Policies, 12. Infrastructure : Meaning and Type (Case Studies : Energy and Health), 13. Sustainable Economic Development and Environment, UNIT - VIII Development Experience of India 14 .Development Experience of India : A Comparison with Pakistan and China, Log and Antilog Table

PART B : INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 1.State of Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence, 2. Common Goals of Five Year Plans in India, 3. Agriculture—Features, Problems and Policies, 4. Industries—Features, Problems & Policies (Industrial Licensing etc.), 5. Foreign Trade of India—Features, Problems and Policies, 6. Economic Reforms in India—Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation (L.P.G.) Policies , 7. Poverty and Main Programmes of Poverty Alleviation, 8. Rural Development : Key Issues, 9. Human Capital Formation, 10. Employment : Growth, Informalisation and other Issues, 11. Infrastructure : Meaning and Types (Case Studies : Energy and Health), 12. Sustainable Economic Development and Environment, 13. Development Experience of India : A Comparison with Pakistan and China

1.Business Economics : Meaning, Nature and Scope, 2. Micro and Macro Economics, 3 .Basic Problems of an Economy, 4. Role of Price Mechanism : Market Equilibrium, 5. Demand and Law of Demand, 6 .Elasticity of Demand and its Measurement, 7 .Production and Factors of Production, 8. Production Function, 9. Law of Return : Law of Variable Proportion, 10. ISO–Product Curve and its Characteristics, 11. Production Decision : Optimum Cost Combination, 12. Returns to Scale and Economies and Diseconomies of Scale, 13. Theory of Cost, 14. Market : Concept and Types, 15 .Perfect Competition (Price Determination & Equilibrium of Firm in Perfect Competition), 16. Monopoly and Price Discrimination, 17. Monopolistic Competition, 18. Oligopoly, 19. Theories of Distribution, 20. Wages, 21. Rent, 22. Interest, 23 .Profit.