Autonomous Cyber Deception

This textbook surveys the knowledge base in automated and resilient cyber deception. It features four major parts: cyber deception reasoning frameworks, dynamic decision-making for cyber deception, network-based deception, and malware deception. An important distinguishing characteristic of this book is its inclusion of student exercises at the end of each chapter. Exercises include technical problems, short-answer discussion questions, or hands-on lab exercises, organized at a range of difficulties from easy to advanced,. This is a useful textbook for a wide range of classes and degree levels within the security arena and other related topics. It’s also suitable for researchers and practitioners with a variety of cyber security backgrounds from novice to experienced.

This book explores fundamental scientific problems essential for autonomous cyber defense. Specific areas include: Game and control theory-based moving target defenses (MTDs) and adaptive cyber defenses (ACDs) for fully autonomous cyber operations; The extent to which autonomous cyber systems can be designed and operated in a framework that is significantly different from the human-based systems we now operate; On-line learning algorithms, including deep recurrent networks and reinforcement learning, for the kinds of situation awareness and decisions that autonomous cyber systems will require; Human understanding and control of highly distributed autonomous cyber defenses; Quantitative performance metrics for the above so that autonomous cyber defensive agents can reason about the situation and appropriate responses as well as allowing humans to assess and improve the autonomous system. This book establishes scientific foundations for adaptive autonomous cyber systems and ultimately brings about a more secure and reliable Internet. The recent advances in adaptive cyber defense (ACD) have developed a range of new ACD techniques and methodologies for reasoning in an adaptive environment. Autonomy in physical and cyber systems promises to revolutionize cyber operations. The ability of autonomous systems to execute at scales, scopes, and tempos exceeding those of humans and human-controlled systems will introduce entirely new types of cyber defense strategies and tactics, especially in highly contested physical and cyber environments. The development and automation of cyber strategies that are responsive to autonomous adversaries pose basic new technical challenges for cyber-security. This book targets cyber-security professionals and researchers (industry, governments, and military). Advanced-level students in computer science and information systems will also find this book useful as a secondary textbook.

This edited volume features a wide spectrum of the latest computer science research relating to cyber deception. Specifically, it features work from the areas of artificial intelligence, game theory, programming languages, graph theory, and more. The work presented in this book highlights the complex and multi-facted aspects of cyber deception, identifies the new scientific problems that will emerge in the domain as a result of the complexity, and presents novel approaches to these problems. This book can be used as a text for a graduate-level survey/seminar course on cutting-edge computer science research relating to cyber-security, or as a supplemental text for a regular graduate-level course on cyber-security.

This book introduces recent research results for cyber deception, a promising field for proactive cyber defense. The beauty and challenge of cyber deception is that it is an interdisciplinary research field requiring study from techniques and strategies to human aspects. This book covers a wide variety of cyber deception research, including game theory, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and deception-related technology. Specifically, this book addresses three core elements regarding cyber deception: Understanding human’s cognitive behaviors in decoyed network scenarios Developing effective deceptive strategies based on human’s behaviors Designing deceptive techniques that supports the enforcement of deceptive strategies The research introduced in this book identifies the scientific challenges, highlights the complexity and inspires the future research of cyber deception. Researchers working in cybersecurity and advanced-level computer science students focused on cybersecurity will find this book useful as a reference. This book also targets professionals working in cybersecurity. Chapter 'Using Amnesia to Detect Credential Database Breaches' and Chapter 'Deceiving ML-Based Friend-or-Foe Identification for Executables' are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book introduces game theory as a means to conceptualize, model, and analyze cyber deception. Drawing upon a collection of deception research from the past 10 years, the authors develop a taxonomy of six species of defensive cyber deception. Three of these six species are highlighted in the context of emerging problems such as privacy against ubiquitous tracking in the Internet of things (IoT), dynamic honeynets for the observation of advanced persistent threats (APTs), and active defense against physical denial-of-service (PDoS) attacks. Because of its uniquely thorough treatment of cyber deception, this book will serve as a timely contribution and valuable resource in this active field. The opening chapters introduce both cybersecurity in a manner suitable for game theorists and game theory as appropriate for cybersecurity professionals. Chapter Four then guides readers through the specific field of defensive cyber deception. A key feature of the remaining chapters is the development of a signaling game model for the species of leaky deception featured in honeypots and honeyfiles. This model is expanded to study interactions between multiple agents with varying abilities to detect deception. Game Theory for Cyber Deception will appeal to advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers interested in applying game theory to cybersecurity. It will also be of value to researchers and professionals working on cybersecurity who seek an introduction to game theory.

This book presents the first reference exposition of the Cyber-Deception Chain: a flexible planning and execution framework for creating tactical, operational, or strategic deceptions. This methodology bridges the gap between the current uncoordinated patchwork of tactical denial and deception (D&D) techniques and their orchestration in service of an organization’s mission. Concepts for cyber- D&D planning operations and management are detailed within the larger organizational, business, and cyber defense context. It examines the necessity of a comprehensive, active cyber denial scheme. The authors explain the organizational implications of integrating D&D with a legacy cyber strategy, and discuss trade-offs, maturity models, and lifecycle management. Chapters present the primary challenges in using deception as part of a security strategy, and guides users through the steps to overcome common obstacles. Both revealing and concealing fact and fiction have a critical role in securing private information. Detailed case studies are included. Cyber Denial, Deception and Counter Deception is designed as a reference for professionals, researchers and government employees working in cybersecurity. Advanced-level students in computer science focused on security will also find this book useful as a reference or secondary text book.

This book offers a structured overview and a comprehensive guide to the emerging field of Autonomous Intelligent Cyber Defense Agents (AICA). The book discusses the current technical issues in autonomous cyber defense and offers information on practical design approaches. The material is presented in a way that is accessible to non-specialists, with tutorial information provided in the initial chapters and as needed throughout the book. The reader is provided with clear and comprehensive background and reference material for each aspect of AICA. Today’s cyber defense tools are mostly watchers. They are not active doers. They do little to plan and execute responses to attacks, and they don’t plan and execute recovery activities. Response and recovery – core elements of cyber resilience – are left to human cyber analysts, incident responders and system administrators. This is about to change. The authors advocate this vision, provide detailed guide to how such a vision can be realized in practice, and its current state of the art. This book also covers key topics relevant to the field, including functional requirements and alternative architectures of AICA, how it perceives and understands threats and the overall situation, how it plans and executes response and recovery, how it survives threats, and how human operators deploy and control AICA. Additionally, this book covers issues of testing, risk, and policy pertinent to AICA, and provides a roadmap towards future R&D in this field. This book targets researchers and advanced students in the field of cyber defense and resilience. Professionals working in this field as well as developers of practical products for cyber autonomy will also want to purchase this book.

GAME THEORY AND MACHINE LEARNING FOR CYBER SECURITY Move beyond the foundations of machine learning and game theory in cyber security to the latest research in this cutting-edge field In Game Theory and Machine Learning for Cyber Security, a team of expert security researchers delivers a collection of central research contributions from both machine learning and game theory applicable to cybersecurity. The distinguished editors have included resources that address open research questions in game theory and machine learning applied to cyber security systems and examine the strengths and limitations of current game theoretic models for cyber security. Readers will explore the vulnerabilities of traditional machine learning algorithms and how they can be mitigated in an adversarial machine learning approach. The book offers a comprehensive suite of solutions to a broad range of technical issues in applying game theory and machine learning to solve cyber security challenges. Beginning with an introduction to foundational concepts in game theory, machine learning, cyber security, and cyber deception, the editors provide readers with resources that discuss the latest in hypergames, behavioral game theory, adversarial machine learning, generative adversarial networks, and multi-agent reinforcement learning. Readers will also enjoy: A thorough introduction to game theory for cyber deception, including scalable algorithms for identifying stealthy attackers in a game theoretic framework, honeypot allocation over attack graphs, and behavioral games for cyber deception An exploration of game theory for cyber security, including actionable game-theoretic adversarial intervention detection against advanced persistent threats Practical discussions of adversarial machine learning for cyber security, including adversarial machine learning in 5G security and machine learning-driven fault injection in cyber-physical systems In-depth examinations of generative models for cyber security Perfect for researchers, students, and experts in the fields of computer science and engineering, Game Theory and Machine Learning for Cyber Security is also an indispensable resource for industry professionals, military personnel, researchers, faculty, and students with an interest in cyber security.