Banking On Markets

The traditional role of a bank was to transfer funds from savers to investors, engaging in maturity transformation, screening for borrower risk and monitoring for borrower effort in doing so. A typical loan contract was set up along six simple dimensions: the amount, the interest rate, the expected credit risk (determining both the probability of default for the loan and the expected loss given default), the required collateral, the currency, and the lending technology. However, the modern banking industry today has a broad scope, offering a range of sophisticated financial products, a wider geography -- including exposure to countries with various currencies, regulation and monetary policy regimes -- and an increased reliance on financial innovation and technology. These new bank business models have had repercussions on the loan contract. In particular, the main components and risks of a loan contract can now be hedged on the market, by means of interest rate swaps, foreign exchange transactions, credit default swaps and securitization. Securitized loans can often be pledged as collateral, thus facilitating new lending. And the lending technology is evolving from one-to-one meetings between a loan officer and a borrower, at a bank branch, towards potentially disruptive technologies such as peer-to-peer lending, crowd funding or digital wallet services. This book studies the interaction between traditional and modern banking and the economic benefits and costs of this new financial ecosystem, by relying on recent empirical research in banking and finance and exploring the effects of increased financial sophistication on a particular dimension of the loan contract.

States and banks have traditionally maintained close ties. At various points in time, states have used banks to manage their economies and soak up government debt, while banks enjoyed regulatory forbearance, restricted competition, and implicit or explicit guarantees from their home markets. The political foundations of banks have thus been powerful and enduring, with actors on both sides of the aisle reluctant to sever relations. The central argument of this book, however, is that in the world's largest integrated market, Europe, the traditional political ties between states and banks have been transformed. Specifically, through a combination of post-communist transition, monetary union, and economic crisis, states in Europe no longer wield preponderant influence over their banks. Banking on Markets explains why we have witnessed the radical denationalization of this politically vital sector, as well as the consequences for economic volatility and policy autonomy. The findings in Europe have implications for other world regions, which, to varying degrees, have also experienced intensified pressure on their traditional models of domestic political control over finance. Through an investigation of foreign bank behavior in economic crises, the developmental consequences of political control over banks and the emergence of European Banking Union in the Eurozone, the book advances three main findings. First is that foreign bank ownership need not necessarily lead to economic vulnerability of host states. Second is that marketized bank-state ties do, however, limit pathways to catching up in the global economy. And third is that European Banking Union has strengthened the euro's credibility while cutting down substantially on Eurozone member states' economic policy discretion. This book details the intense political struggles that have underpinned all three outcomes.

Working from a macro framework based on the Fed's use of interest rate as its major policy instrument, Ball presents the core concepts necessary to understand the problems affecting the stock market, and the causes of recessions and banking crises. Underlying this framework are the intellectual foundations for the Fed's inflation targeting using the dynamic consistency problem facing policymakers.

This edited volume on "Global Banking, Financial Markets and Crises" contains original papers that examine issues concerning the changing role of global banks in crises. The papers in this volume also address the impact of global financial crises on multinational banking, financial markets, and emerging economies.

In this massive and truly remarkable work, the authors present the most comprehensive and well-structured book ever published for treasurers and financial managers in banking. Although the problems and opportunities inherent in contemporary banking are presented, the book is devoted to the understanding and use of the capital markets in the broadest sense--to enhance the overall strength of banks and finance companies. The authors provide extensive treatment of such topics as: money markets; foreign exchange markets; bills, CDs and commercial paper; Eurobond markets; markets in derivative instruments, etc.

Banking on Global Markets uses the story of the U.S. business and political dealings of Germany's largest bank to illuminate important developments in the ongoing globalization of major financial institutions. Throughout its nearly 140-year-long history, Deutsche Bank served as one of Germany's principal vehicles for forging economic and other links with the rest of the world. Despite some early successes in the face of severe obstacles for Deutsche Bank, the U.S. market probably remained Deutsche Bank's highest foreign priority and its most frustrating challenge. As with many foreign investors, Deutsche Bank found its hopes of harnessing America's enticing opportunities often dashed by many regulatory and political barriers. Relying on primary-source material, Banking on Global Markets traces Deutsche Bank involvement with the United States in the context of a changing national and international regulatory and economic environment that set the stage for its strategies and activities in the United States, and, at times, even in its home country. It is the story of how international cooperation furthered and conflict hindered those endeavors, and how international banking evolved from a very personalized business between nations to one dominated by enormous transnational markets. It is a work designed for anyone interested in how cross-border flows of information and capital have affected history and how our modern form of globalization distinguishes itself from that of earlier periods. A professor of finance and writer of history, Christopher Kobrak weaves together how these financial, political, and institutional developments have helped shape the emerging new international order.

Ch. 1. Value-at-risk disclosures and the implications on bank stakeholders / Jason Ball and Victor Fang -- ch. 2. Ex-ante versus ex-post regulation of bank capital / Arup Daripa and Simone Varotto -- ch. 3. Effects of international interbank loans on twin crises / Erhan Uluceviz and Levent Yildiran -- ch. 4. International transmission effects of volatility between financial markets in the G-7 since the introduction of the Euro / Lucia Morales -- ch. 5. Country-of-origin determinants of value creation in international joint ventures : a comparison of Hong Kong and U.S. investments in China / Usha R. Mittoo, Dennis Chung and Zhou Zhang -- ch. 6. Maturity transformation strategies and interest rate risk of financial institutions : evidence from the German market / Hendrik Scholz, Stephan Simon and Marco Wilkens -- ch. 7. Asymmetries in the market price of risk : evidence from Latin America / Gokce Soydemir, Rahul Verma and Jose Moreno -- ch. 8. Corporate governance institutions as signaling and commitment devices / Angelo Baglioni -- ch. 9. Managing the costs of issuing common equity : the role of registration choice / Jennifer E. Bethel and Laurie Krigman -- ch. 10. The impact of arrangers and buyout sponsors on loan pricing in LBOs : a cross border study / Kenneth Daniels and Irwin Morgan -- ch. 11. Ownership control and valuation changes for earning announcements around U.S. Cross-listings by Canadian firms / Lawrence Kryzanowski and Arturo Rubalcava -- ch. 12. Analysis of the investment potential and inflation-hedging ability of precious metals / James R. McCown and John R. Zimmerman -- ch. 13. Corporate governance and ownership structure in emerging markets : evidence from Latin America / Diego Cueto -- ch. 14. Asymmetric impact of news on stock return volatility / Joon-Young Song