Betrayal Of Indian Democracy

Freedom From Alien Subjugation On 15Th August 1947, Was The Monumental And Immemorable Triumph Of The Consolidated, Consistent, Heroic And Patriotic Endeavours Of The Teeming Millions Of Indians Without Any Ethnic Discrimination. It Is, Neither The Monopoly Nor The Prerogative, Of Any Particular Political Party Or Any Individual To Sustain And Cherish It, Because We Have Pledged It To Be A Collective National Duty. It S Dereliction Is Treachery. In The Constitution Of India Adopted By The People On 26Th January 1950, This Pledge Is Ordained Under Article 51 A, Which Inter Alia Mandates Cherish And Follow The Noble Ideals Which Inspired National Struggle For Freedom; To Uphold And Protect Its Integrity; To Promote Harmony And Spirit Of Common Brotherhood Amongst All Indians; Transcend¬Ing Religious, Linguistic, Regional, Sectional Diversities, To Value And Preserve Rich Heritage Of The Composite Culture And To Strive Towards Excellence In All Spheres Of Individual And Collective Activity So That The Nation, Con¬Stantly, Rises To Higher Levels Of Endeavour And Achievement . And This Pledge Has Been Grossly Betrayed.After 50 Years Of Independence When We Are Busy In Celebrating Its Golden Jubilee, Simultaneously, It Is Time For Honest, Sincere And Conscious Introspection Whether The Country And Its Citizens Acquired And Sustained All-Round Progress; Whether There Is Economic Stability; Deprivation From Unemployment, Poverty, Hunger, Ill-Literacy, Insurgency And Terrorism. Whether There Is Throughout Peace And Tranquillity, Control On Crimes And Criminals And Justice Through The Rule Of Law . Contrarily, People Witness Pervading Anarchy And Chaos. In Phases, Joy Turned Into Gloom, Sorrow, Grief, Despair And Finally Distress Leaving The Ill-Fated Countrymen To Scour Out The Positive Answer Whether They Betrayed The Mother Land, Or The Political Parties And Their Leaders, Who Administered For Five Decades, Betrayed Them And The Country. In This Book, Betrayal Of Indian Democracy, The Saga Of Perfidy Has Been High-Lighted In Truthful, Forthright And Incisive Manner Along With The Molecular Analysis Of The Factors, Contributing To The Prevalent Socio-Economic And Political Debacle; Which Cumulatively Threaten National Catastrophe .

The multi-party system is only a distortion of the Constitution, resorted to for political gains. Inviting the single largest party head to form governments and the dissolution of governments through no-confidence motions are only malpractices. Change of governments at the centre is done by election or impeachment of the president in the parliament under Article 54 and 61, while it is done by appointing and removing of governors by the president at the states. The Constitution prescribed that the president shall rule this country (Art. 53) with ministers to aid and advise him (Art. 74). Governors are appointed and removed by the president at his pleasure to discharge the same functions at the states (Art. 155, 156). The prime minister is appointed and removed by the president at his pleasure in terms of Article 75. The Supreme Court struck down several constitutional amendments made under Article 368 unjustly. Parliament and the president represent Indian democracy and sovereignty. No other authority in the country shall be above sovereign power. PPP and Art. 368 i.e. people, parliament, president and Art. 368 are the basic structures of the Indian Constitution. There is no constitution beyond this.The Supreme Court's basic structure theory broke the real basic structure of the Constitution.

Politics in the post 1947 India

How can we explain Britain's long rule in India beyond the cliches of 'imperial' versus 'nationalist' interpretations? In this new history, Roderick Matthews tells a more nuanced story of 'oblige and rule', the foundation of common purpose between colonisers and powerful Indians. Peace, Poverty and Betrayal argues that this was more a state of being than a system: British policy was never clear or consistent; the East India Company went from a manifestly incompetent ruler to, arguably, the world's first liberal government; and among British and Indians alike there were both progressive and conservative attitudes to colonisation. Matthews skilfully illustrates that this very diversity and ambiguity of British-Indian relations also drove the social changes that led to the struggle for independence. Skewering the simplistic binaries that often dominate the debate, Peace, Poverty and Betrayal is a fresh and elegant history of British India.

Hing Hing Ming reviews some of the major episodes of the Han Dynasty, from its founding by Liu Bang to the Lü Clan Disturbance and subsequent diplomatic overtures and military campaigns against the minor Chinese kingdoms, the Mongols, and Gojoseon (the ancient Korean Kingdom).

The last fifteen years have witnessed a "democratic recession." Democracies previously thought to be well-established--Hungary, Poland, Brazil, and even the United States--have been threatened by the rise of ultra-nationalist and populist leaders who pay lip-service to the will of the people while daily undermining the freedom and pluralism that are the foundations of democratic governance. The possibility of democratic collapse where we least expected it has added new urgency to the age-old inquiry into how democracy, once attained, can be made to last. In Democracy in Hard Places, Scott Mainwaring and Tarek Masoud bring together a distinguished cast of contributors to illustrate how democracies around the world continue to survive even in an age of democratic decline. Collectively, they argue that we can learn much from democratic survivals that were just as unexpected as the democratic erosions that have occurred in some corners of the developed world. Just as social scientists long believed that well-established, Western, educated, industrialized, and rich democracies were immortal, so too did they assign little chance of democracy to countries that lacked these characteristics. And yet, in defiance of decades of social science wisdom, many countries that were bereft of these hypothesized enabling conditions for democracy not only achieved it, but maintained it year after year. How does democracy persist in countries that are ethnically heterogenous, wracked by economic crisis, and plagued by state weakness? What is the secret of democratic longevity in hard places? This book--the first to date to systematically examine the survival persistence of unlikely democracies--presents nine case studies in which democracy emerged and survived against the odds. Adopting a comparative, cross-regional perspective, the authors derive lessons about what makes democracy stick despite tumult and crisis, economic underdevelopment, ethnolinguistic fragmentation, and chronic institutional weakness. By bringing these cases into dialogue with each other, Mainwaring and Masoud derive powerful theoretical lessons for how democracy can be built and maintained in places where dominant social science theories would cause us to least expect it.

The gripping story of an explosive turning point in the history of modern India On the night of June 25, 1975, Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergency in India, suspending constitutional rights and rounding up her political opponents in midnight raids across the country. In the twenty-one harrowing months that followed, her regime unleashed a brutal campaign of coercion and intimidation, arresting and torturing people by the tens of thousands, razing slums, and imposing compulsory sterilization on the poor. Emergency Chronicles provides the first comprehensive account of this understudied episode in India’s modern history. Gyan Prakash strips away the comfortable myth that the Emergency was an isolated event brought on solely by Gandhi’s desire to cling to power, arguing that it was as much the product of Indian democracy’s troubled relationship with popular politics. Drawing on archival records, private papers and letters, published sources, film and literary materials, and interviews with victims and perpetrators, Prakash traces the Emergency’s origins to the moment of India’s independence in 1947, revealing how the unfulfilled promise of democratic transformation upset the fine balance between state power and civil rights. He vividly depicts the unfolding of a political crisis that culminated in widespread popular unrest, which Gandhi sought to crush by paradoxically using the law to suspend lawful rights. Her failure to preserve the existing political order had lasting and unforeseen repercussions, opening the door for caste politics and Hindu nationalism. Placing the Emergency within the broader global history of democracy, this gripping book offers invaluable lessons for us today as the world once again confronts the dangers of rising authoritarianism and populist nationalism.

The second edition of this introductory textbook provides students with an overarching understanding of social, political, and economic institutions of six South Asian countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Using democracy as a prism, it evaluates the varied opportunities and constraints facing these states. Key features include: Introduction to the region The history and development of these South Asian states, including evaluations of their democratic trajectories The management of conflict, economic development, and extremist threats A comparative analysis of the states Projections concerning democracy given evolving challenges The textbook is an indispensable teaching tool for courses on South Asia. It includes pedagogical features such as political chronologies, political party descriptions, text boxes, a glossary, and suggestions for further reading. It is written in an accessible style by country experts, thus offering students of South Asian politics a valuable introduction to an exceedingly diverse and complicated region.