Biochemistry of microbial degradation

Biochemistry of microbial degradation
Author: Colin Ratledge
Publsiher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 598
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9789401116879

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Life on the planet depends on microbial activity. The recycling of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen, phosphate and all the other elements that constitute living matter are continuously in flux: microorganisms participate in key steps in these processes and without them life would cease within a few short years. The comparatively recent advent of man-made chemicals has now challenged the environment: where degradation does not occur, accumulation must perforce take place. Surprisingly though, even the most recalcitrant of molecules are gradually broken down and very few materials are truly impervious to microbial attack. Microorganisms, by their rapid growth rates, have the most rapid turn-over of their DNA of all living cells. Consequently they can evolve altered genes and therefore produce novel enzymes for handling "foreign" compounds - the xenobiotics - in a manner not seen with such effect in other organisms. Evolution, with the production of micro-organisms able to degrade molecules hitherto intractable to breakdown, is therefore a continuing event. Now, through the agency of genetic manipulation, it is possible to accelerate this process of natural evolution in a very directed manner. The time-scale before a new microorganism emerges that can utilize a recalcitrant molecule has now been considerably shortened by the application of well-understood genetic principles into microbiology. However, before these principles can be successfully used, it is essential that we understand the mechanism by which molecules are degraded, otherwise we shall not know where best to direct these efforts.

Microbial Degradation of Organic Compounds

Microbial Degradation of Organic Compounds
Author: David T. Gibson
Publsiher: Unknown
Total Pages: 562
Release: 1984
Genre: Science
ISBN: ERDC:35925000706868

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Microbial Biodegradation

Microbial Biodegradation
Author: Eduardo Díaz
Publsiher: Horizon Scientific Press
Total Pages: 402
Release: 2008
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1904455174

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In this timely book, expert international authors critically review all of the most important topics in this exciting field. This book is unique in that it is the first to review the area from a molecular biology and genomics perspective. Topics covered include: aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of aromatic compounds; molecular detection methods (e.g. microautoradiography, mRNA analyses, etc.); genome-based predictive modeling; elucidation of regulatory networks; bioavailability; chemotaxis and transport issues; functional genomic analyses; natural attenuation; community fingerprinting and metagenomics; biotreatment; and biocatalysts engineering. The book will be essential reading for microbial degradation and bioremediation scientists, and of general interest for microbiologists working in field of environmental microbiology.

Microbial Degradation of Xenobiotics

Microbial Degradation of Xenobiotics
Author: Shree Nath Singh
Publsiher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 488
Release: 2011-10-07
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9783642237898

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Our interest in the microbial biodegradation of xenobiotics has increased many folds in recent years to find out sustainable ways for environmental cleanup. Bioremediation and biotransformation processes harness the naturally occurring ability of microbes to degrade, transform or accumulate a wide range of organic pollutants. Major methodological breakthroughs in recent years through detailed genomic, metagenomic, proteomic, bioinformatic and other high-throughput analyses of environmentally relevant microorganisms have provided us unprecedented insights into key biodegradative pathways and the ability of organisms to adapt to changing environmental conditions. The degradation of a wide spectrum of organic pollutants and wastes discharged into the environment by anthropogenic activities is an emerging need today to promote sustainable development of our society with low environmental impact. Microbial processes play a major role in the removal of recalcitrant compounds taking advantage of the astonishing catabolic versatility of microorganisms to degrade or transform such compounds. New breakthroughs in sequencing, genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics and imaging are generating vital information which opens a new era providing new insights of metabolic and regulatory networks, as well as clues to the evolution of degradation pathways and to the molecular adaptation strategies to changing environmental conditions. Functional genomic and metagenomic approaches are increasing our understanding of the relative importance of different pathways and regulatory networks to carbon flux in particular environments and for particular compounds. New approaches will certainly accelerate the development of bioremediation technologies and biotransformation processes in coming years for natural attenuation of contaminated environments

Biotransformations Microbial Degradation of Health Risk Compounds

Biotransformations  Microbial Degradation of Health Risk Compounds
Author: V.P. Singh
Publsiher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 281
Release: 1995-04-25
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0080544924

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A comprehensive and consolidated account of how microorganisms can play a significant role in degrading and detoxifying toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic compounds is detailed in this book. Moreover, the volume deals with all aspects of microbial degradation, ranging from screening methods for the degradative microorganisms, processes of degradation, strain improvement for enhanced biodegradation, and elimination of undesirable compounds to improving health and environmental protection strategies. The book will provide an opportunity for scientists in the areas of microbiology, biochemistry, engineering, food science, biotechnology, and environmental science to obtain a clear understanding of microbial biotransformations of xenobiotics, as well as an interface between industry and the academic world. The first book of its kind, it will open new vistas of research in the field of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology in general, and Biotransformations in particular.

Biodegradation

Biodegradation
Author: W.B. Betts
Publsiher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 245
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781447134701

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Two major problems encountered as we approach a new century are the availability of resources for chemicals and energy, and environmental pollution. This book highlights the importance of biotransformation as a solution to these problems and considers traditionally separate areas as one interdependent discipline, in terms of the underlying mechanistic biochemistry and the research techniques employed. The provision of resources has largely centred around non-renewable materials, especially oil. Diminishing reserves of these, together with uncertainties of supply and cost have stimulated great interest in renewable resources. These are largely lignocellulosic materials (e.g. wood and straw) which are available through natural biomass turnover, farming and forestry and from wastes generated by industrial processes. An excellent example is that of kraft lignin, a by-product of pulp and paper production, amounting to 60 million tonnes per annum and which is largely wasted by burning or landfilling. This aromatic polymer has enormous potential as a feedstock to the chemical industry. Environmental pollution is no longer accepted as inevitable for a technological society. Over the past decade there has been a tremendous increase in awareness of the effects of pollution and public pressure has influenced both industry and government. However, to be realistic, it is not possible to replace all processes generating polluting wastes with clean alternatives. Instead, treatments of pollution, both at source and after an incident, are alternatives in many instances and a great deal of emphasis is currently being placed on these.

Biodegradation and Bioremediation

Biodegradation and Bioremediation
Author: Ajay Singh,Owen P. Ward
Publsiher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 332
Release: 2013-03-09
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 9783662060667

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In this volume, experts from universities, government labs and industry share their findings on the microbiological, biochemical and molecular aspects of biodegradation and bioremediation. The text covers numerous topics, including: bioavailability, biodegradation of various pollutants, microbial community dynamics, properties and engineering of important biocatalysts, and methods for monitoring bioremediation processes. Microbial processes are environmentally compatible and can be integrated with non-biological processes to detoxify, degrade and immobilize environmental contaminants.

Lignin Biodegradation Microbiology Chemistry and Potential Applications

Lignin Biodegradation  Microbiology  Chemistry  and Potential Applications
Author: T.K. Kirk
Publsiher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 393
Release: 2018-01-18
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781351090964

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First Published in 2018. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an Informa company.