Biological Micro And Nanotribology

By employing a combination of approaches from several disciplines the authors elucidate the principles of a variety of biomechanical systems that rely on frictional surfaces or adhesive secretions to attach parts of the body to one another or to attach organisms to a substrate. This account provides an excellent starting point for engineers and physicists working with biological systems and for biologists studying friction and adhesion. It will also serve as a valuable introduction for graduate students entering this interdisciplinary field of research.

This book is devoted to the rapidly growing area of science dealing with structure and properties of biological surfaces in their relation to particular function(s). This volume, written by a team of specialists from different disciplines, covers various surface functions such as protection, defense, water transport, anti-wetting, self cleaning, light reflection and scattering, and acoustics. Because biological surfaces have a virtually endless potential of technological ideas for the development of new materials and systems, inspirations from biology could also be interesting for a broad range of topics in surface engineering.

This book brings together recent developments in the areas of MEMS tribology, novel lubricants and coatings for nanotechnological applications, biomimetics in tribology and fundamentals of micro/nano-tribology. Tribology plays important roles in the functioning and durability of machines at small length scales because of the problems associated with strong surface adhesion, friction, wear etc. Recently, a number of studies have been conducted to understand tribological phenomena at nano/micro scales and many new tribological solutions for MEMS have been proposed.

Many creatures use adhesive polymers and structures to attach to inert substrates, to each other, or to other organisms. This is the first major review that brings together research on many of the well-known biological adhesives dealing with bacteria, fungi, algae, and marine and terrestrial animals. As we learn more about their molecular and mechanical properties we begin to understand why they adhere so well and with this comes broad applications in areas such as medicine, dentistry, and biotechnology.

Through millions of years' natural selection, sharkskin has developed into a kind of drag-reducing surface. This book shows how to investigate, model, fabricate and apply sharkskin's unique surface properties, creating a flexible platform for surface and materials engineers and scientists to readily adopt or adapt for their own bio-inspired materials. Rather than inundate the reader with too many examples of materials inspired by nature, sharkskin has been chosen as the center-piece to illustrate accurate 3D digital modeling of surfaces, complete numerical simulation of micro flow field, different fabrication methods, and application to natural gas pipelining. This is a must-read for any researcher or engineer involved in bio-inspired surfaces and materials studies. Contents:Self-Cleaning and Superhydrophobic Surfaces (G G Li, Y T Zhao, L Zhang, B D Liu, Y Luo, B Y Li, E Y K Ng)Treatments and Constructing Digital Model of Biological Shark Skin/Shark (G G Li, Y T Zhao, L Zhang, Y Luo, E Y K Ng)Different Approaches to Manufacture Low Viscous Resistance Drag with Biomimetic Textures (J Wang, Y T Zhao, L Zhang, Y Luo, E Y K Ng)Different Characteristic Analysis of Drag-Reducing Surface with Biological Morphology (J Wang, Y T Zhao, L Zhang, Y Luo, E Y K Ng)Application of Biomimetic Shark Skin Surface in Natural Gas Pipelining (J Wang, Y T Zhao, L Zhang, Y Luo, E Y K Ng)Biomimetic Surfaces for Enhanced Dropwise Condensation Heat Transfer: Mimic Nature and Transcend Nature (Youmin Hou, Zuankai Wang, Shuhuai Yao)Large-Scale Fabrication of Biomimetic Drag-Reduction Surface via Bio-Replication of Shark Skin (Huawei Chen, Deyuan Zhang, Xin Zhang, Da Che)Study of Flow over Dimpled Cylinder for Drag Reduction (Tan S P, Koh J H and Ng Y K Eddie)Fluid Flow in Biomimetics Simulated Vessel Having a Grooved Surface: An Investigation of the Effect of Riblets in Drag Reduction (Guangming Hu)3-D Modelling of Biological Systems for Biomimetics (Shujun Zhang, Donghui Chen, Kevin Hapeshi and Xu Zhang)Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Hierarchical Structures Inspired by Nature Leaves (Yuying Yan and Nan Gao)Bio-Inspired Macro-Morphologic Surface Modifications to Reduce Soil–Tool Adhesion (Peeyush Soni and Vilas M Salokhe)Application of Bio-Inspired Surfaces in Reducing Adhesion to the Surfaces of Soil-Engaging Components of Agricultural and Earth-Moving Machinery (Rashid Qaisrani and Li Jianqiao)Application of Bionic Technologies for Soil-Engaging Tillage Components in Northeast China (Ji-yu Sun, Zhi-jun Zhang, Jin Tong, and Hong-lei Jia) Readership: Materials and Surface Engineers, bioengineers specialising in surfaces and materials, Oil and Gas pipeline engineers.

This book deals with the adhesion, friction and contact mechanics of living organisms. Further, it presents the remarkable adhesive abilities of the living organisms which inspired the design of novel micro- and nanostructured adhesives that can be used in various applications, such as climbing robots, reusable tapes, and biomedical bandages. The technologies for both the synthesis and construction of bio-inspired adhesive micro- and nanostructures, as well as their performance, are discussed in detail. Representatives of several animal groups, such as insects, spiders, tree frogs, and lizards, are able to walk on (and therefore attach to) tilted, vertical surfaces, and even ceilings in different environments. Studies have demonstrated that their highly specialized micro- and nanostructures, in combination with particular surface chemistries, are responsible for this impressive and reversible adhesion. These structures can maximize the formation of large effective contact areas on surfaces of varying roughness and chemical composition under different environmental conditions.

Praise for the previous edition: “Contains something for everyone involved in lubricant technology” — Chemistry & Industry This completely revised third edition incorporates the latest data available and reflects the knowledge of one of the largest companies active in the business. The authors take into account the interdisciplinary character of the field, considering aspects of engineering, materials science, chemistry, health and safety. The result is a volume providing chemists and engineers with a clear interdisciplinary introduction and guide to all major lubricant applications, focusing not only on the various products but also on specific application engineering criteria. A classic reference work, completely revised and updated (approximately 35% new material) focusing on sustainability and the latest developments, technologies and processes of this multi billion dollar business Provides chemists and engineers with a clear interdisciplinary introduction and guide to all major lubricant applications, looking not only at the various products but also at specific application engineering criteria All chapters are updated in terms of environmental and operational safety. New guidelines, such as REACH, recycling alternatives and biodegradable base oils are introduced Discusses the integration of micro- and nano-tribology and lubrication systems Reflects the knowledge of Fuchs Petrolub SE, one of the largest companies active in the lubrication business 2 Volumes wileyonlinelibrary.com/ref/lubricants