Biomarkers In Neurology

This book explores the recent advances in the techniques and platforms used in biomarker research that have revolutionized the way we study, diagnose, and treat brain injury conditions. The contributors describe different biomarker studies pertaining to brain injury and other neurological disorders and analyze the different models and technologies used to identify these biological markers. The book includes findings from "Omics research" that have been utilized to decipher and identify such biomarkers. It discusses protein, microRNA, and altered gene profiles and reviews neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and prion and Alzheimer’s disease.

Biomarkers, or biological markers, are quantitative measurements that offer researchers and clinicians valuable insight into diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for many disorders and diseases. A major goal in neuroscience medical research is establishing biomarkers for disorders of the nervous system. Given the promising potential and necessity for neuroscience biomarkers, the Institute of Medicine Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders convened a public workshop and released the workshop summary entitled Neuroscience Biomarkers and Biosignatures: Converging Technologies, Emerging Partnerships. The workshop brought together experts from multiple areas to discuss the most promising and practical arenas in neuroscience in which biomarkers will have the greatest impact. The main objective of the workshop was to identify and discuss biomarker targets that are not currently being aggressively pursued but that could have the greatest near-term impact on the rate at which new treatments are brought forward for psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Published since 1959, International Review of Neurobiology is a well-known series appealing to neuroscientists, clinicians, psychologists, physiologists, and pharmacologists. Led by an internationally renowned editorial board, this important serial publishes both eclectic volumes made up of timely reviews and thematic volumes that focus on recent progress in a specific area of neurobiology research. This volume reviews existing theories and current research surrounding the movement disorder Dyskinesia. Leading authors review state-of-the-art in their field of investigation and provide their views and perspectives for future research Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered All chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist

The diseases of the central or peripheral nervous system are called neurological disorders. These disorders include epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and other dementias. Cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke, migraine, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, etc. are also considered as neurological diseases. A biomarker or biological marker is a cell, tissue, or body fluid cell that can be measured and evaluated to indicate a pharmacological response to a normal biological process, pathogenic process, or therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers characterize the progression of the disease from the earliest natural signs of the disease. Biomarkers assess the disease susceptibility and severity enabling prediction of outcomes, deciding interventions, and assessing the therapeutic responses. Based on clinical applications, biomarkers can be categorized as molecular biomarkers, cellular biomarkers, or imaging biomarkers. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of biomarkers. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe on the topic in detail. It attempts to assist those with a goal of furthering their studies in the field of biomarkers and biomarker development.

Neurological diseases are disorders of the nervous system that affect the functioning of the brain and the nerves found throughout the human body and the spinal cord. The most common neurological disorders are epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy. The term biomarker or biological marker refers to a biological molecule found in blood, tissues or other body fluids, which indicates a normal or abnormal process, a condition, or a disease. Biomarkers help to diagnose a disease or condition, or to detect the disease progression, and record the effect of new drugs and therapeutic strategies as they are generated. Neurological biomarkers are used to diagnose a variety of neurological disorders and to monitor the advancement of these diseases or effect of the treatment. This process aids in predicting outcomes, determining interventions, and evaluating the therapeutic responses. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide an in-depth knowledge about neurological biomarkers. It is a vital tool for all researching or studying the biomarkers of neurological diseases.

Neuroinflammation is a burgeoning area of interest in academia and biopharma, with a broadly acknowledged role in many central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, there is little agreement on the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the manifestations of neuroinflammation in the CNS compartment and how neuroinflammation operates as a driver and also as a consequence of disease in the brain. Moreover, another unclear area is how to translate increased understanding of the mechanisms that underlie neuroinflammation and its manifestations in the CNS to therapeutics. To address these gaps in understanding mechanisms and how to translate that understanding into therapeutics, the Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on March 20-21, 2017, bringing together key leaders in the field from industry, academia, and governmental agencies to explore the role and mechanisms of neuroinflammation in a variety of CNS diseases. The workshop also considered strategies to advance the identification and validation of biomarkers of neuroinflammation that could accelerate development of therapies, bringing much-needed treatments to patients with disorders ranging from neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) to neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.