Biomass Based Supercapacitors

BIOMASS-BASED SUPERCAPACITORS Authoritative resource addressing the fundamentals, design, manufacturing, and industrial applications of supercapacitors based on biomass Biomass-Based Supercapacitors presents a systematic overview and recent developments in the research, design, and fabrication of supercapacitors using biomass, discussing fundamentals, advancements, industrial applications, and the manufacturing process of biomass-derived supercapacitors. The text also considers environmental and economic aspects of the technology, along with biomass-based supercapacitors in the context of circular economy. Written by a team of international experts in the field of supercapacitors, Biomass-Based Supercapacitors covers sample topics such as: Basic foundational knowledge surrounding supercapacitors, electrochemical techniques for supercapacitors, and different types of supercapacitors Biomass derived electrode materials for supercapacitors, such as activated and non-activated carbon, carbon from pretreated biomass, carbonate salts-activated carbon, and more Electrolytes, separators, and packaging materials for supercapacitors using biomass and binding materials from biomass for supercapacitors Future outlooks and challenges for the development of biomass-based supercapacitors, from the lab to practical applications in industry Biomass-Based Supercapacitors is an excellent resource for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in the areas of supercapacitor fabrication, energy materials and energy storage devices, electrochemistry, materials science, biomass conversion, green chemistry, and sustainability.

The book presents an in-depth review of biomass-derived materials for energy storage technologies. Biomass is the most renewable and abundant carbon resource and has great potential for sustainable energy production. Topics covered include: Bone Char as a Support Material to Build a Microbial Biocapacitor; Biomass Derived Composites; Lignin- and Bamboo Derived Materials, Cellulose-Derived Electrodes; Water Splitting, Fuel cells, and Supercapacitor Technologies. 465 References. Keywords: Bamboo Stick, Biochar, Bioelectrodes, Biofilm, Biomass, Bone Char, Carbon Nanofiber, Cellulose-Derived Electrodes, Fuel Cells, Green Energy, Microbial Biocapacitor, Biomass Derived Composites, High-Frequency Supercapacitors, Lignin Materials, Bamboo Materials, Lithium-Ion Batteries, Lithium-Sulfur Batteries, Natural Precursors, Porous Carbon, Supercapacitor Technology, Water Splitting.

This book presents a widespread description of the synthesis and characterization of biomass-based carbon nanostructures. It also covers the vital applications of these materials in supercapacitors and for next-generation energy storage devices. It describes the common design procedures, advantages and disadvantages of biomass-based carbon nanostructures and offers novel visions into the forthcoming directions. In addition, this book will provide new updates about the effect of doping and structural twist on the electrochemical performance of electrode materials derived from biomass sources. The book will be useful for beginners, researchers, and professionals working in the area of carbon nanomaterials and their applications in energy storage devices.

BIOMASS-BASED SUPERCAPACITORS Authoritative resource addressing the fundamentals, design, manufacturing, and industrial applications of supercapacitors based on biomass Biomass-Based Supercapacitors presents a systematic overview and recent developments in the research, design, and fabrication of supercapacitors using biomass, discussing fundamentals, advancements, industrial applications, and the manufacturing process of biomass-derived supercapacitors. The text also considers environmental and economic aspects of the technology, along with biomass-based supercapacitors in the context of circular economy. Written by a team of international experts in the field of supercapacitors, Biomass-Based Supercapacitors covers sample topics such as: Basic foundational knowledge surrounding supercapacitors, electrochemical techniques for supercapacitors, and different types of supercapacitors Biomass derived electrode materials for supercapacitors, such as activated and non-activated carbon, carbon from pretreated biomass, carbonate salts-activated carbon, and more Electrolytes, separators, and packaging materials for supercapacitors using biomass and binding materials from biomass for supercapacitors Future outlooks and challenges for the development of biomass-based supercapacitors, from the lab to practical applications in industry Biomass-Based Supercapacitors is an excellent resource for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in the areas of supercapacitor fabrication, energy materials and energy storage devices, electrochemistry, materials science, biomass conversion, green chemistry, and sustainability.

Explores the sustainable production of carbon materials and their applications Of increasing interest to practitioners and researchers in a variety of areas, biomass-derived carbon materials can be easily produced and possess the large surface areas and porosities that enable many applications in materials science, biochemistry, chemistry, and energy research. In Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials: Production and Applications, a team of accomplished researchers delivers a thorough and up-to-date exploration of the preparation and activation processes of biomass-derived carbon materials, the fabrication of composites, and assorted and multidisciplinary applications of the technology. The book also covers future opportunities for research and application. Introductory chapters provide information about the production, functionalization, and characterization of biomass-derived carbon materials, while the latter parts of this edited volume discuss the applications of biomass-derived carbon materials such as catalysis, sensors, microbicidal activity, toxic chemicals removal, drug delivery, and energy conversion and storage applications. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to the production of biomass-derived carbon materials, as well as their characterization Comprehensive explorations of biomass-derived carbon-based materials for microbicidal applications and carbon-based nanomaterials prepared from biomass for catalysis Practical discussions of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for fluorescence sensors and mesoporous carbon nanomaterials for drug delivery and imaging applications In-depth examinations of biomass-derived carbon as electrode materials for batteries and porous carbon synthesized from biomass for fuel cells Ideal for materials scientists as well as industrial chemists and biochemists, Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials: Production and Applications also belongs in the libraries of electrochemists and sensor developers.

Electrochemical capacitors or supercapacitors offer a number of advantages over batteries; they are more safe and reliable, charge quicker, have an indefinite lifespan, exhibit a high power density and a wide range of working temperature. Supercapacitors demonstrate an extraordinary potential in both consumer electronics and large-sized energy storage applications, e.g. in communications, transportation, aviation, and power industries. The book explores recent developments in the area of composite applications for supercapacitor electrodes based von conducting polymers, graphene, biomass, or carbonaceous quantum dots. Synthesis strategies of composite materials and electrode preparation methods are discussed in detail. Electrochemical Capacitors, Supercapacitors, Energy Storage, Supercapacitor Electrodes, Conducting Polymer Composites, Graphene-based Composites, Biomass-based Capacitors, Carbonaceous Quantum Dot Composites, Sol-Gel Synthesis, Sonochemical Synthesis, Polyaniline-Zirconia Nanofibers

Supercapacitors are most interesting in the area of rechargeable battery based energy storage because they offer an unbeatable power density, quick charge/discharge rates and prolonged lifetimes in comparison to batteries. The book covers inorganic, organic and gel-polymer electrolytes, electrodes and separators used in different types of supercapacitors; with emphasis on material synthesis, characterization, fundamental electrochemical properties and most promising applications. Keywords: Supercapacitors, Rechargeable Batteries, Organic Electrolytes, Inorganic Electrolytes, Gel Polymer based Supercapacitors, Redox Electrolytes, Starch-Based Electrolytes, Flexible Supercapacitors, Pseudocapacitors, Carbon Nanoarchitectures for Supercapacitors, Photo-Supercapacitors, Bimetal Oxides/Sulfides for Electrochemical Supercapacitors.

Currently there is an urgent need to reduce the use of fossil fuels, and efficient sustainable energy harvesters from sun and wind have been developed and are widely used for electricity generation. Storage of electrical energy is accordingly necessary to accommodate the time varying supply of wind and solar electricity. Quinones (Q) are attractive as energy storage materials due to their high theoretical charge density and the renewable and abundant source – biomass. Plant-based biomass materials – such as lignin and humic acids – contain redox active Q-groups that potentially could be used for electricity storage instead of simply burning the biomass, which releases CO2, CH4, NOx, and SOx. Lignin accounts for 20-30% of the biomass weight and contains a sizable fraction of Q-structures. However, utilization of lignin for large scale energy storage is still a challenging task, as lignin is electrically insulating and conductive materials are required to get access to the generated electrons in the bulk. Various relatively expensive materials, such as conductive polymers and various carbon materials (carbon nanotubes, active carbon, graphene, etc.) have been combined with lignin, resulting in hybrid materials for energy storage. However, as the scale required for production of charge storage devices is huge it is of outmost importance to reduce the cost and therefore investigate low-cost conductive materials. In this thesis, common graphite flakes are combined with the lignin derivative lignosulphonate (LS) via a solvent free ball-milling process, followed by treatment with water and resulting in a paste that can be processed into electrodes. Similarly, humic acid derived from peat, lignite that contains a large amount of Q-groups is also fabricated into electrode with graphite via the ball-milling process. In order to further reduce the impact on environment during the extraction of Q-materials from biomass, barks that contain as much as 30% of lignin are directly used for energy storage via co-milling with pristine graphite to generate the biomass/graphite hybrid material electrodes. However, larger weight fraction of Q are required to further improve the electrochemical performance of these electrodes and Q chemicals (QCs) that also originate from biomass are introduced to fabricate the QCs/graphite electrodes with an increased capacity. Additionally, self-discharge mechanism is studied on the LS/graphite hybrid material electrodes, which provides instructions to achieve a low self-discharge rate. Overall, this study has brought us one step forward on the establishing of scalable, sustainable, and cost-effective energy storage systems using aqueous electrolytes.