Biomaterials And Devices For The Circulatory System

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world today. Thanks to major advances in circulatory biomaterials and medical devices over the past few decades, many complications of this prevalent disease can be managed with great success for prolonged periods. Biomaterials and devices for the circulatory system reviews the latest developments in this important field and how they can be used to improve the success and safety in this industry. Part one discusses physiological responses to biomaterials with chapters on tissue response, blood interface and biocompatibility. Part two then reviews clinical applications including developments in valve technology, percutaneous valve replacement, bypass technologies and cardiovascular stents. Part three covers future developments in the field with topics such as nanomedicine, cardiac restoration therapy, biosensor technology in the treatment of cardiovascular disease and vascular tissue engineering. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors Biomaterials and devices for the circulatory system is a vital reference for those concerned with bioengineering, medical devices and clinicians within this critical field. Reviews the latest developments in this important field and how they can be used to improve success and safety in the industry Both current clinical advances as well as future innovation are assessed taking a progressive view of the role of biomaterials in medical applications An examination of the physiological responses to biomaterials features tissue responses to implanted materials and strategies to improve the biocompatibility of medical devices

Often associated with artificial hearts, ventricular assist devices (VADs) are blood pumps that can provide circulatory assistance to the left ventricle, the right ventricle, or both. Bioengineering and Biomaterials in Ventricular Assist Devices reviews constructive details of VADs and the biomaterials used in their development and support. FEATURES Establishes an area of intersection between engineering and medicine Shows process development from mechanical design to automation and control Discusses biofunctional materials, tribology in ceramic biomaterials, biosensors, and surface engineering and blood This text is aimed at advanced students, researchers, and practicing engineers conducting work on VADs and will be of interest to a broad interdisciplinary group, including bioengineers, materials engineers, chemical engineers, mechanical engineers, and electrical engineers.

A significant medical event is expected in 1992: the first human use of a fully implantable, long-term cardiac assist device. This timely volume reviews the artificial heart program-and in particular, the National Institutes of Health's major investment-raising important questions. The volume includes: Consideration of the artificial heart versus heart transplantation and other approaches to treating end-stage heart disease, keeping in mind the different outcomes and costs of these treatments. A look at human issues, including the number of people who may require the artificial heart, patient quality of life, and other ethical and societal questions. Examination of how this technology's use can be targeted most appropriately. Attention to achieving access to this technology for all those who can benefit from it. The committee also offers three mechanisms to aid in allocating research and development funds.

Flow Dynamics and Tissue Engineering of Blood Vessels explores the physical phenomena of vessel compliance and its influence on blood flow dynamics, as well as the modification of flow structures in the presence of diseases within the vessel wall or diseased blood content. This volume also illustrates the progress of tissue engineering for the intervention of re-engineered blood vessels. Blood vessel organoid models, their controlling aspects, and blood vessels based on microfluidic platforms are illustrated following on from the understanding of flow physics of blood on a similar platform. The purpose of this book is to provide an overview of regenerative medicine and fluid mechanics principles for the management of clinically diseased blood vessels. Authors discuss tissue engineering aspects and computational fluid mechanical principles, and how they can be used to understand the state of blood vessels in diseased conditions. Key Features Computational and experimental fluid dynamics principles have been used to explore the modelling of diseased blood vessels Principles of fluid dynamics and tissue engineering are used to propose innovative designs of bioreactors for blood vessel regeneration Offers experimental analytical studies of blood flow in vessels with pathological conditions Controlling aspects of various parameters while developing blood-vessel bioreactors and organoid models are presented critically, and optimization techniques for these parameters are also provided

Traditional cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) techniques have suffered from a number of disadvantages including haemodilution, inflammation and post-operative bleeding. Minimised cardiopulmonary bypass techniques use developments in perfusion technology to significantly reduce foreign surface-blood interactions to make bypass simpler and safer. This important book reviews key developments and issues relating to this promising technology.Part one covers the broad range of CPB pathophysiology, including anticoagulant protocols, the impact of CPB circuit surfaces, optimal haemodilution levels, and the important issue of CPB-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Part two focuses on the issues of the new equipment developed for mini-CPB, optimal myocardial protection protocols and CPB perfusate options. Part three discusses clinical issues, including patient selection, coronary and valve surgery protocols and, among others, paediatric patients.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Minimized cardiopulmonary bypass techniques and technologies is a valuable reference for cardiac surgery teams and those researching this important technology. Covers a broad range of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) pathophysiology, including anticoagulant protocols, the impact of CPB circuit surfaces and optimal haemodilution levels Focuses on new equipment specially developed for minimized-CPB and myocardial protection protocols Discusses clinical issues, including patient selection

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality in the western world and about half of these deaths are caused by coronary artery disease. One of the most commonly used interventions to treat arterial blockages is to deploy an arterial stent to keep the vessel open. Traditionally, some cardiovascular stents have been associated with serious side-effects, such as thrombosis. This book describes the fundamentals of cardiovascular stents, technologies to functionalize their surfaces and the market status of these important implants. The chapters provide specific focus on the production and evolution of cardiovascular stents, providing essential knowledge for researchers on advances in the field and knowledge of how cardiovascular stents are currently being "functionalized" in order to improve their biocompatibility and minimize negative outcomes in vivo. Provides a specific focus on cardiovascular stents Includes a range of topics covering the fundamentals, surface modification and biofunctionalization Provides essential knowledge for researchers on advances in the field

Applications of Polyurethanes in Medical Devices provides detailed coverage of polyurethane (PU) chemistry, processing and preparation for performant medical devices. Polyurethanes have found many uses in medical applications, due to their biocompatibility, biostability, physical properties, surface polarity, and the ability to suit the field of application. This book enables the reader to understand polyurethane and how this valuable material can be used in medical devices. Sections cover the chemistry, structure, and properties of polyurethane, with in-depth sections examining raw materials, reaction chemistry, synthesis techniques, reaction kinetics, material microstructure, and structure-property relationships. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how polyurethane can be utilized in medical device applications, examining biological properties, rheology and processing before methodical coverage explains how polyurethane may be used for each category of medical device. Finally, future directions, and safety and environmental aspects, are covered. Bridges the gap between polyurethane chemistry, processing and preparation for cutting-edge medical device applications Includes in-depth coverage of polyurethane, covering raw materials, chemistry, synthesis techniques, reaction kinetics, properties and microstructural analysis Takes a valuable and practical approach, addressing manufacturing issues and using testing and modeling to solve problems encountered in processing

Plastics in Medical Devices for Cardiovascular Applications enables designers of new cardiovascular medical devices to make decisions about the kind of plastics that can go into the manufacture of their device by explaining the property requirements of various applications in this area, including artificial valves, lead insulation, balloons, vascular grafts, and more. Enables designers to improve device performance and remain compliant with regulations by selecting the best material for each application Presents a range of applications, including artificial valves, stents, and vascular grafts Explains which materials can be used for each application, and why each is appropriate, thus assisting in the design of better tools and processes