Bridging The Gap Between Requirements Engineering And Software Architecture

This book systematically identifies the lack of methodological support for development of requirements and software architecture in the state-of-the-art. To overcome this deficiency, the QuaDRA framework is proposed as a problem-oriented approach. It provides an instantiation of the Twin Peaks model for supporting the intertwining relationship of requirements and software architecture. QuaDRA includes several structured methods which guide software engineers in quality- and pattern-based co-development of requirements and early design alternatives in an iterative and concurrent manner.

Why have a book about the relation between requirements and software architecture? Understanding the relation between requirements and architecture is important because the requirements, be they explicit or implicit, represent the function, whereas the architecture determines the form. While changes to a set of requirements may impact on the realization of the architecture, choices made for an architectural solution may impact on requirements, e.g., in terms of revising functional or non-functional requirements that cannot actually be met. Although research in both requirements engineering and software architecture is quite active, it is in their combination that understanding is most needed and actively sought. Presenting the current state of the art is the purpose of this book. The editors have divided the contributions into four parts: Part 1 “Theoretical Underpinnings and Reviews” addresses the issue of requirements change management in architectural design through traceability and reasoning. Part 2 “Tools and Techniques” presents approaches, tools, and techniques for bridging the gap between software requirements and architecture. Part 3 “Industrial Case Studies” then reports industrial experiences, while part 4 on “Emerging Issues” details advanced topics such as synthesizing architecture from requirements or the role of middleware in architecting for non-functional requirements. The final chapter is a conclusions chapter identifying key contributions and outstanding areas for future research and improvement of practice. The book is targeted at academic and industrial researchers in requirements engineering or software architecture. Graduate students specializing in these areas as well as advanced professionals in software development will also benefit from the results and experiences presented in this volume.

Software architecture is an important factor for the success of any software project. In the context of systematic design and construction, solid software architecture ensures the fulfilment of quality requirements such as expandability, flexibility, performance, and time-to-market. Software architects reconcile customer requirements with the available technical options and the prevailing conditions and constraints. They ensure the creation of appropriate structures and smooth interaction of all system components. As team players, they work closely with software developers and other parties involved in the project. This book gives you all the basic know-how you need to begin designing scalable system software architectures. It goes into detail on all the most important terms and concepts and how they relate to other IT practices. Following on from the basics, it describes the techniques and methods required for the planning, documentation, and quality management of software architectures. It details the role, the tasks, and the work environment of a software architect, as well as looking at how the job itself is embedded in company and project structures. The book is designed for self-study and covers the curriculum for the Certified Professional for Software Architecture – Foundation Level (CPSA-F) exam as defined by the International Software Architecture Qualification Board (iSAQB).

Economics-driven Software Architecture presents a guide for engineers and architects who need to understand the economic impact of architecture design decisions: the long term and strategic viability, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of applications and systems. Economics-driven software development can increase quality, productivity, and profitability, but comprehensive knowledge is needed to understand the architectural challenges involved in dealing with the development of large, architecturally challenging systems in an economic way. This book covers how to apply economic considerations during the software architecting activities of a project. Architecture-centric approaches to development and systematic evolution, where managing complexity, cost reduction, risk mitigation, evolvability, strategic planning and long-term value creation are among the major drivers for adopting such approaches. It assists the objective assessment of the lifetime costs and benefits of evolving systems, and the identification of legacy situations, where architecture or a component is indispensable but can no longer be evolved to meet changing needs at economic cost. Such consideration will form the scientific foundation for reasoning about the economics of nonfunctional requirements in the context of architectures and architecting. Familiarizes readers with essential considerations in economic-informed and value-driven software design and analysis Introduces techniques for making value-based software architecting decisions Provides readers a better understanding of the methods of economics-driven architecting

Solid requirements engineering has increasingly been recognized as the key to improved, on-time, and on-budget delivery of software and systems projects. This textbook provides a comprehensive treatment of the theoretical and practical aspects of discovering, analyzing, modeling, validating, testing, and writing requirements for systems of all kinds, with an intentional focus on software-intensive systems. It brings into play a variety of formal methods, social models, and modern requirements for writing techniques to be useful to the practicing engineer. This book was written to support both undergraduate and graduate requirements engineering courses. Each chapter includes simple, intermediate, and advanced exercises. Advanced exercises are suitable as a research assignment or independent study and are denoted by an asterisk. Various exemplar systems illustrate points throughout the book, and four systems in particular—a baggage handling system, a point of sale system, a smart home system, and a wet well pumping system—are used repeatedly. These systems involve application domains with which most readers are likely to be familiar, and they cover a wide range of applications from embedded to organic in both industrial and consumer implementations. Vignettes at the end of each chapter provide mini-case studies showing how the learning in the chapter can be employed in real systems. Requirements engineering is a dynamic field and this text keeps pace with these changes. Since the first edition of this text, there have been many changes and improvements. Feedback from instructors, students, and corporate users of the text was used to correct, expand, and improve the material. This third edition includes many new topics, expanded discussions, additional exercises, and more examples. A focus on safety critical systems, where appropriate in examples and exercises, has also been introduced. Discussions have also been added to address the important domain of the Internet of Things. Another significant change involved the transition from the retired IEEE Standard 830, which was referenced throughout previous editions of the text, to its successor, the ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148 standard.

Broadly-scoped requirements such as security, privacy, and response time are a major source of complexity in modern software systems. This is due to their tangled inter-relationships with and effects on other requirements. Aspect-Oriented Requirements Engineering (AORE) aims to facilitate modularisation of such broadly-scoped requirements, so that software developers are able to reason about them in isolation - one at a time. AORE also captures these inter-relationships and effects in well-defined composition specifications, and, in so doing exposes the causes for potential conflicts, trade-offs, and roots for the key early architectural decisions. Over the last decade, significant work has been carried out in the field of AORE. With this book the editors aim to provide a consolidated overview of these efforts and results. The individual contributions discuss how aspects can be identified, represented, composed and reasoned about, as well as how they are used in specific domains and in industry. Thus, the book does not present one particular AORE approach, but conveys a broad understanding of the aspect-oriented perspective on requirements engineering. The chapters are organized into five sections: concern identification in requirements, concern modelling and composition, domain-specific use of AORE, aspect interactions, and AORE in industry. This book provides readers with the most comprehensive coverage of AORE and the capabilities it offers to those grappling with the complexity arising from broadly-scoped requirements - a phenomenon that is, without doubt, universal across software systems. Software engineers and related professionals in industry, as well as advanced undergraduate and post-graduate students and researchers, will benefit from these comprehensive descriptions and the industrial case studies.

"This book offers a selection of chapters that cover three important aspects related to the use of non-functional properties in SOA: requirements specification with respect to non-functional properties, modeling non-functional properties and implementation of non-functional properties"--Provided by publisher.

The two-volume set LNBIP 353 and 354 constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Business Information Systems, BIS 2019, held in Seville, Spain, in June 2019. The theme of the BIS 2019 was "Data Science for Business Information Systems", inspiring researchers to share theoretical and practical knowledge of the different aspects related to Data Science in enterprises. The 67 papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 223 submissions. The contributions were organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Big Data and Data Science; Artificial Intelligence; ICT Project Management; and Smart Infrastructure. Part II: Social Media and Web-based Systems; and Applications, Evaluations and Experiences.