Britain S Killing Fields Southern Nigeria 1900 1930

Britain kept meticulous records of its casualties in Southern Nigeria, but it did not collect and keep any coherent records of the casualties it inflicted on the so-called natives. Britain's failure to collect and keep "natives"' casualty statistics was not an unconscious omission. Instead it was a deliberate policy because it placed considerably less value on the lives of "natives" compared to European lives. It held that a drop of European blood was worth four times more than “natives’” blood. The death of a District Officer on active duty was worth the lives of up to two hundred “natives” and it took twenty “natives” to service a Political Officer on the field. Additionally, it accepted the arguments of its top commander, Colonel Arthur Montanaro, that "natives" were engaged in illegal resistance to His Majesty’s Government, therefore while he had a duty to crush their resistance to the British Government he was not duty bound to account for their deaths. Accordingly, the book explores these untold aspects of British History, particularly the computation of the number of Indigenous people of the landmass which became Southern Nigeria who were killed between 1900 and 1930 during one of the bloodiest periods in the history of Southern Nigeria as British troops of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF) and the West African Service Brigade (WASB) rampaged through Southern Nigeria. In its explorations the book posed and addressed the following questions: how many Indigenous people of Southern Nigeria were killed by the British Army between 1900 and 1930? What were the names of the people who were killed? Were there women and children among the dead? How old were they when they died? Where were they buried? Who buried them there? What were the prevailing political circumstances when they were killed? Under what military circumstances were they killed? Was there a state of war between the Indigenous people of Southern Nigeria and Britain when they were killed? The book’s sources were unpublished original archival documents at the National Archives. These document sources included Ordinances, Proclamations, Admiralty’s and Crown Agents’ papers, High Commissioners’, Governor-General’s and Lieutenant-Governor’s Correspondences and Despatches. The Correspondences and Despatches included field reports compiled by British Army Officers, Field Commanders, British Police Commissioners, Political Officers, District Officers (DO), District Commissioners, Divisional Officers, Divisional Commissioners and Provincial Commissioners. These sources are kept in the following Colonial Office Documents series: Southern Nigeria (CO520/series) and Nigeria (CO583/series).

Britain kept meticulous records of its casualties in Southern Nigeria, but it did not collect and keep any coherent records of the casualties it inflicted on the so-called natives. Britain's failure to collect and keep "natives"' casualty statistics was not an unconscious omission. Instead it was a deliberate policy because it placed considerably less value on the lives of "natives" compared to European lives. It held that a drop of European blood was worth four times more than "natives'" blood. The death of a District Officer on active duty was worth the lives of up to two hundred "natives" and it took twenty "natives" to service a Political Officer on the field. Additionally, it accepted the arguments of its top commander, Colonel Arthur Montanaro, that "natives" were engaged in illegal resistance to His Majesty's Government, therefore while he had a duty to crush their resistance to the British Government he was not duty bound to account for their deaths. Accordingly, the book explores these untold aspects of British History, particularly the computation of the number of Indigenous people of the landmass which became Southern Nigeria who were killed between 1900 and 1930 during one of the bloodiest periods in the history of Southern Nigeria as British troops of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF) and the West African Service Brigade (WASB) rampaged through Southern Nigeria. In its explorations the book posed and addressed the following questions: how many Indigenous people of Southern Nigeria were killed by the British Army between 1900 and 1930? What were the names of the people who were killed? Were there women and children among the dead? How old were they when they died? Where were they buried? Who buried them there? What were the prevailing political circumstances when they were killed? Under what military circumstances were they killed? Was there a state of war between the Indigenous people of Southern Nigeria and Britain when they were killed? The book's sources were unpublished original archival documents at the National Archives. These document sources included Ordinances, Proclamations, Admiralty's and Crown Agents' papers, High Commissioners', Governor-General's and Lieutenant-Governor's Correspondences and Despatches. The Correspondences and Despatches included field reports compiled by British Army Officers, Field Commanders, British Police Commissioners, Political Officers, District Officers (DO), District Commissioners, Divisional Officers, Divisional Commissioners and Provincial Commissioners. These sources are kept in the following Colonial Office Documents series: Southern Nigeria (CO520/series) and Nigeria (CO583/series).

Arguing about Empire analyses the most divisive arguments about empire between Europe's two leading colonial powers from the age of high imperialism to the post-war era of decolonization. Focusing on the domestic contexts underlying imperial rhetoric, Arguing about Empire adopts a case-study approach, treating key imperial debates as historical episodes to be investigated in depth. The episodes in question have been selected both for their chronological range, their variety, and, above all, their vitriol. Some were straightforward disputes; others involved cooperation in tense circumstances. These include the Tunisian and Egyptian crises of 1881-2, which saw France and Britain establish new North African protectorates, ostensibly in co-operation, but actually in competition; the Fashoda Crisis of 1898, when Britain and France came to the brink of war in the aftermath of the British re-conquest of Sudan; the Moroccan crises of 1905 and 1911, early tests of the Entente Cordiale, when Britain lent support to France in the face of German threats; the 1922 Chanak crisis, when that imperial Entente broke down in the face of a threatened attack on Franco-British forces by Kemalist Turkey; World War Two, which can be seen in part as an undeclared colonial war between the former allies, complicated by the division of the French Empire between De Gaulle's Free French forces and those who remained loyal to the Vichy Regime; and finally the 1956 Suez intervention, when, far from defusing another imperial crisis, Britain colluded with France and Israel to invade Egypt — the culmination of the imperial interference that began some eighty years earlier.

Nineteen contributions by scholars in a variety of fields--history, anthropology, sociology, comparative literature, women's studies--discuss the activities of radical women involved with revolutionary transformations throughout the world. Arrangement is in sections on western paradigms (France, Russia, the US); village traditions/modern situations--Africa, Iran, and India; socialist transformation in Latin America and Cuba; and women in China from Mao to market reforms. A sampling of specific topics: Olympe de Gouges and the French Revolution--the construction of gender as critique; medicine and politics--Dr. Mary Putnam Jacobi and the Paris commune; women and the Russian revolution; black women freedom fighters in South Africa and in the US (a comparative analysis); gender, sexuality, and unruliness in post-Mao China. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Nigeria is Africa's most populous country and the world's eighth largest oil producer, but its success has been undermined in recent decades by ethnic and religious conflict, political instability, rampant official corruption and an ailing economy. Toyin Falola, a leading historian intimately acquainted with the region, and Matthew Heaton, who has worked extensively on African science and culture, combine their expertise to explain the context to Nigeria's recent troubles through an exploration of its pre-colonial and colonial past, and its journey from independence to statehood. By examining key themes such as colonialism, religion, slavery, nationalism and the economy, the authors show how Nigeria's history has been swayed by the vicissitudes of the world around it, and how Nigerians have adapted to meet these challenges. This book offers a unique portrayal of a resilient people living in a country with immense, but unrealized, potential.