Calcium Phosphate

Advances in Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials presents a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of the latest advances in developing calcium phosphate biomaterials and their applications in medicine. It covers the fundamental structures, synthesis methods, characterization methods, and the physical and chemical properties of calcium phosphate biomaterials, as well as the synthesis and properties of calcium phosphate-based biomaterials in regenerative medicine and their clinical applications. The book brings together these new concepts, mechanisms and methods in contributions by both young and “veteran” academics, clinicians, and researchers to forward the knowledge and expertise on calcium phosphate and related materials. Accordingly, the book not only covers the fundamentals but also open new avenues for meeting future challenges in research and clinical applications. Besim Ben-Nissan is a Professor of Chemistry and Forensic Science at the University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

We present to our readers the proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Phosphate. A short account of the history of the effort led to the Phosphate Workshops is appro priate and can be of interest to the reader. The idea for Phosphate Workshops was born in the early days of November, 1974. One of us (S. G. M. ) suggested the thought to a group of scientists gathered for a luncheon in one of the attrac tive small restaurants in Weisbaden, Germany. The purpose of the workshop was to bring together interested scientists to discuss the newer developments and the recent advances in the field of phosphate metabolism and the other related minerals. An Organizing Committee made of Shaul G. Massry (USA), Louis V. Avioli (USA), Philippe Bordier (France), Herbert Fleisch (Switzerland), and Eduardo Slatopolsky (USA) was formed. The First Workshop was held in Paris during June 5-6, 1975 and was hosted by Dr. Philippe Bordier. Its proceeding was already published. The Second Workshop took place in Heidelberg during June 28-30, 1976 and was hosted by Dr. Eberhard Ritz. Both of these workshops were extremely successful scientific endeavors, and the need for them was demonstrated by the great interest they generated among the scientific community. The Or ganizing Committee, therefore, decided to continue with the tradi tion to hold additional Workshops annually or every other year.

Calcium phosphates are key materials to sustain life on Earth as constituent of the gravity-defying bony skeletons of all vertebrates as well as the dentine and enamel materials of teeth. This book contains accounts on the historical development of the scientific knowledge gained on calcium orthophosphates, the latest information on the structure of carbonate-bearing hydroxyapatite, the role played by small amounts of molecular water residing in synthetic hydroxyapatite and bone mineral, as well as the nature of oxyhydroxyapatite and oxyapatite as intermediates during dehydroxylation of hydroxyapatite, pertinent information to unravel the complex processes relevant for plasma-sprayed calcium phosphate coatings on endoprosthetic implants. This book is recommended to industrial and academic professionals in the fields of medical technology, orthopedy, dentistry, biology, materials science, chemistry, environmental engineering, and mineralogy.

Calcium Phosphates in Biological and Industrial Systems provides a comprehensive discussion on calcium phosphates in the diverse areas of their applications. The authors are all respected specialists in their particular fields, possessing wide knowledge and experience and able to analyze recent results and relate them to their respective areas of expertise. New information, as well as a review of current concepts, highlights the individual contributions. Due to the broad scope of the subject covered and the large number of contributions, this book is divided into three parts. Whilst each section contains a basic theme, there is a considerable overlapping of ideas and approaches. This reflects the excitement and interdisciplinary nature of investigations by researchers interested in dissimilar aspects of calcium phosphates. Considering the general interest in calcium phosphates, Calcium Phosphates in Biological and Industrial Systems is directed at an audience of researchers in the fields of biology, chemistry, dentistry, geology, chemical engineering, environmental engineering, and medicine. It will also be useful to technology-focused researchers in industry whose investigations might be related directly or indirectly to calcium phosphates.

This book presents for the first time, the scattered novel results that have been achieved in very recent years in study on various thin calcium phosphate coatings produced by very diverse techniques. The comparison of thin calcium phosphate coatings with the thick plasma-sprayed ones is also included in the book. Readers will find a comprehensive book reviewing the state-of-the-art of the field with critical assessment of the achievements of the different preparation techniques.

There has been a rapid expansion of knowledge in the field of paediatric calcium and bone disorders over the past twenty years. Advances have been made in the underlying genetic basis for many conditions in conjunction with progress in bone density and geometry imaging and the development of new treatment options. The 2nd revised edition of ‘Calcium and Bone Disorders in Children and Adolescents’ presents up-to-date information on many aspects included in the 1st edition such as the physiology, pathology, diagnosis and management of numerous conditions including a chapter of case histories illustrating clinical aspects. New chapters on skeletal dysplasias, the genetics of osteoporosis, radiological imaging of bone and a practical approach to a child with recurrent fractures are included. Providing a comprehensive update, this book is a useful clinical resource for paediatricians and specialists in endocrinology, metabolic bone disease, nephrology, rheumatology, radiology, orthopaedics and clinical genetics who may be faced with a child with a calcium and/or bone disorder.

Calcium and Phosphorus in Health and Disease is a valuable source of information on the role of nutrition in maintaining bone health throughout the life cycle. It emphasizes nutritional interactions with mineral metabolism and maintenance of bone health. This book presents the basic concepts of regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism by calcemic hormones and the structure and function of calcified tissues. It provides an in-depth review of bone growth and maintenance and calcium metabolism throughout the life cycle. Pregnancy and lactation, the effects of physical activity, and the special problems of nutrition and bone health in the elderly are addressed. It presents the basic biochemistry of mineral homeostasis and bone development and presents reviews by experts on the treatment and epidemiology of osteoporosis. This text/reference is extensively illustrated, with numerous original drawings created especially for this work. Calcium and Phosphorus in Health and Disease will benefit both students in medical and basic sciences who are beginning their studies in this area and researchers and clinicians who are not expert in this field but need a source of basic information on the subject. The book's current discussions and up-to-date references will quickly move the beginning student to a higher level of understanding.