Cerebrovascular Diseases In Children

It is estimated that the functionally significant body of knowledge for a given medical specialty changes radically every 8 years. New special ties and "sub-specialization" are occurring at approximately an equal rate. Historically, established journals have not been able either to absorb this increase in publishable material or to extend their reader ship to the new specialists. International and national meetings, sympo sia and seminars, workshops, and newsletters successfully bring to the attention of physicians within developing specialties wh at is occur ring, but generally only in demonstration form without providing historical perspective, pathoanatomical correlates, or extensive discus sion. Page and time limitations oblige the authors to present only the essence of their material. Pediatric neurosurgery is an example of a specialty that has devel oped during the past 15 years. Over this period neurosurgeons have obtained special training in pediatric neurosurgery and then dedicated themselves primarily to its practice. Centers, Chairs, and educational programs have been established as groups of neurosurgeons in different countries throughout the world organized themselves respectively into national and international societies for pediatric neurosurgery. These events were both preceded and followed by specialized courses, national and international journals, and ever-increasing clinical and invest igative studies into all aspects of surgically treatable diseases of the child's nervous system.

The new third edition of Pediatric Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disorders provides a modern clinical approach to managing stroke and other cerebrovascular problems in infants, children, and adolescents. Incorporating data from important clinical trials and case series, recommendations from the American Heart Association evidence-based paper on the management of pediatric stroke, and the latest information on new diagnostic techniques, the book offers a comprehensive analysis of the current thinking and practice by three physicians who have vast clinical experience in this challenging field. The third edition of this classic work has been completely updated and rewritten to reflect current science and practice. Covering occurrence, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment, this integrated state-of-the-art text is essential reading for anyone involved in the care of children with suspected stroke or other cerebrovascular abnormalities. The third edition of this classic work has been completely updated and rewritten to reflect current science and practice. An extensive, entirely new chapter on treatment provides specific guidance on when to use antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, and thrombolytic agents in children and also includes a section on neurorehabilitation after stroke. An expanded and thoroughly updated diagnostic approach chapter covers the latest applications in stroke imaging such as computed tomography angiography, diffusion weighted MRI, and perfusion CT. The first chapter stresses the etiology and pathophysiology of childhood stroke as the basis for evaluations and treatment. Features of Pediatric Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disorders, Third Edition Include: Comprehensive in scope: detailed analysis of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cerebrovascular disorders in children with many evidence-based management guidelines The third edition has been updated to include recommendations from the AHA consensus guidelines All chapters in the third edition have been revised and updated An extensive, entirely new chapter on treatment provides specific guidance on when to use antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, and thrombolytic agents in children Stresses the etiology and pathophysiology of childhood stroke as the basis for evaluation and treatment Maintains the practical, clinical flavor established in previous editions, with numerous illustrations and useful suggestions for patient care Written by internationally known stroke experts: Dr. Roach chaired the AHA panel that produced the consensus guidelines on childhood stroke and Drs. Lo and Heyer have published extensively on stroke and related topics

The revised and updated second edition of this comprehensive text continues to offer careful critical evaluation and authoritative advice on stroke, the most complicated disease affecting the nervous system of children and young adults. New chapters, the latest guidelines from the American Heart Association, tips for preventing misdiagnoses, and more provide you with the knowledge you need to make the best clinical and management decisions of both common and rare cerebrovascular disorders in the young population. Tightly focused, this fully referenced textbook fills the void in the literature by including detailed discussions on topics such as stroke in neonates, atherosclerotic cerebral infarction in young adults, strokes caused by migraines, stroke during pregnancy, and a myriad of others. Up-to-date tables containing rich troves of data along with the careful selection of multiple references further enhances your acumen. Offers practical, clinical guidance on stroke and stroke related issues, such as atherosclerotic cerebral infarction, non-atherosclerotic cerebral vasculopathies, cardiac disorders, and disorders of hemostasis to broaden your knowledge base. Includes an overview of stroke types, risk factors, prognosis, and diagnostic strategies in neonates, children, and young adults to help you better manage every condition you see. Discusses the diverse etiologies of stroke in children and young adults to increase awareness in the differences of presenting signs between children and adults. Features new chapters on Applied Anatomy, Pediatric CNS Vascular Malformation, and Vascular Disorders of the Spinal Cord to keep you on the cusp of this challenging and burgeoning field. Presents data from the latest American Heart Association guidelines for stroke in children and young adults—coauthored by Dr. Biller—to help you make better informed evaluation and management decisions. Provides tips on how to prevent misdiagnosis. Offers the latest knowledge on therapy and rehabilitation to help you chose the best treatment options. Includes more images to enhance visual guidance.

Cerebrovascular problems in childhood include diverse problems of vascular supply to the brain and occur with an overall frequency of from 5 to 8/100000 children/year. Signs and symptoms at manifestation are manifold. They depend not only on localization of the infarction but also on age at injury and specific risk factors. Acute arterial ischemic insult in neonates is oligosymptomatic (short-lasting seizures); hemiparesis is the most common symptom in children. Risk factors are multiple for both neonates and children, with more thromboembolic events in neonates and (infection-related) vasculopathies or cardiac problems in children. MRI (diffusion weighted) is the golden standard for diagnosis. In the absence of evidence for treatment in both groups, guidelines suggest use of platelet aggregation. There are some special indications for anticoagulation. Thrombolysis should be evaluated. Two-thirds of children and neonates face lifelong neurological and neuropsychological problems. Spinal artery ischemia presents with acute spinal symptoms, mostly paraplegia. Risk factors and prognosis are similar to cerebral insults. Sinus venous thromboses are significantly less common. Provoking factors in newborns are mainly neonatal problems, and in children infections, especially in the ENT region. For diagnosis the delta sign in CT is less sensitive than MR/MR venography. In the absence of any evidence, LMWH or heparinization for 3–6 months are recommended. Prognosis is better in children than in neonates. Deep vein thrombosis and/or young age worsen the outcome.

The field of stroke and cerebrovascular disease in children is one in which there has been much recent research activity, leading to new clinical perspectives. This book for the first time summarises the ?state of the art? in this field. A team of eminent clinicians, neurologists and researchers provide an up-to-the-minute account of all aspects of stroke and cerebrovascular disease in children, ranging from a historical perspective to future directions, through epidemiology, the latest neuroimaging techniques, neurodevelopment, co-morbidities, diagnosis and treatment. The authors? practical approach to the clinical problems makes this essential reading for practising clinicians. It will also be of interest to researchers in the field.

This second edition of this acclaimed monograph has been completely revised and enlarged. It provides the most up to date information on the occurrence, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric vascular disease. Reflecting the changes in diagnosis and treatment, new chapters on genetic disorders, venous malformation, spinal cord vascular lesions, and pediatric rehabilitation have been added.

The field of stroke and cerebrovascular disease in children is one in which there has been much recent research activity, leading to new clinical perspectives. This book for the first time summarises the state of the art in this field. A team of eminent clinicians, neurologists and researchers provide an up-to-the-minute account of all aspects of stroke and cerebrovascular disease in children, ranging from a historical perspective to future directions, through epidemiology, the latest neuroimaging techniques, neurodevelopment, co-morbidities, diagnosis and treatment. The authors practical approach to the clinical problems makes this essential reading for practising clinicians. It will also be of interest to researchers in the field.