Chemical Aspects Of Enzyme Biotechnology

The Industry-University Cooperative Chemistry Program has sponsored seven previous international symposia covering a wide variety of topics of interest to industrial and academic chemists. The eighth IUCCP symposium, held March 19-22, 1990, at Texas A&M University, represents a deviation from the former symposia, in that it is the first of a two-symposium series dedicated to the rapidly moving new field of industrial biochemistry that has beco~e known as biotechnology. Biotechnology is really not a new discipline, but rather is a term coined to describe the new and exciting commercial applications of biochemistry. The development of the field of biotechnology is a direct result of recombinant DNA technology, which began in earnest about 15 years ago. Today, we can routinely do experiments that were inconceivable in the early 1970's. Only comparatively simple technology available even in small laboratories is required to synthesize a gene and from it, to produce vast amounts of biological materials of enormous commercial value. These technical developments and others have stimulated increased activities in the field of enzyme biotechnology, using enzymes to catalyze "unnatural" reactions to produce complex molecules with stereochemical precision. It is true today, we can readily produce DNA fragments that will encode any amino acid sequence that we might desire, but at this point, our foundation of basic knowledge falls short. The dream of "designer enzymes" is still a fantasy, but the current wave of research activity and exciting new developments suggest that in the future the dream may become a reality.

Sets the stage for advances in drug discovery using the latest enzyme technology Reviewing new and emerging applications of enzyme technology in drug discovery, this book highlights some of the most promising areas of pharmaceutical and biotechnology research. It covers enzyme assay technology, utilization of enzymology for prodrug design, and the application of enzymes as therapeutic agents. Expert reviews highlight how our latest understanding of enzymology is used to develop new practical applications in drug discovery and design. Filled with case studies, Enzyme Technologies: Pluripotent Players in Discovering Therapeutic Agents enables readers to better understand the diverse functions of enzymes and master specific applications in drug discovery research. In addition to small molecule drug discovery, the book explores new developments in enzymes as therapeutic agents for genetic disorders. Section A, Enzymes – Essential Workhorses in Pharmaceutical Research, offers support in selecting the best enzyme targets for drug discovery, designing enzyme inhibitors for therapeutic agents, and evaluating selective enzyme inhibitors. Section B, Enzymes – Indispensable Tools for Improving Druggability, sets forth the principles alongside real-world examples of exploiting specific properties of enzymes to design successful prodrugs. Section C, Enzymes – Powerful Weapons for Correcting Nature's Errors, provides new insights on applying enzymes as therapeutic agents or diagnostic tools to treat genetic disorders. Chapters are contributed by leading experts from around the world. Their contributions are based on a thorough review of the current literature as well as their own research. Reviewing our latest understanding of the nature of enzymes and their role in drug discovery, this book is recommended for researchers in pharmaceuticals and biotechnology as well as for researchers in enzymology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and medicinal chemistry.

In the molecular sciences, enzyme chemistry occupies a special niche as one of the major contact points between chemical and biological disciplines. The special properties of enzymes as selective and efficient catalysts are so central to current challenges to chemists that the development of enzyme chemistry in the past thirty years has been a major stimulus to chemical research in general. On the one hand studies of the intrinsic properties of enzymes and, on the other hand, their applications to synthesis, drug design, and biosynthesis have had an immense impact. This book brings together in one volume essays describing several such fields with emphasis on the applications. It would be unnecessarily repetitious to outline the approach and contents of the book in a Preface; the first short chapter is more eloquent than a formal Preface can be. I shall therefore encourage you to begin with the Introduction in Chapter 1 and here I wish to extend my warm thanks to those who have contributed to the production of this book: the authors for their acceptance of the overall concept of the book and for the thoughtfulness of their writing; Dr Charles Suckling, FRS and Professor Hamish Wood for their constructive criticism of the whole book; and Dr John Buckingham and his colleagues at Chapman and Hall for their efficiency and enthusiasm in transforming the typescripts into the book that you now hold. Colin J. Suckling University of Strathclyde Contributors Donald H.

Industrial biotechnology is the practice of using cells to generate industrially useful products. An enzyme is a protein that catalyzes, or speeds up, a chemical reaction. Enzymes are the focal point of biotechnological processes, without them biotechnology as a subject would not exist. The main advantage of enzymes compared to most other catalysts is their stereo, region and chemo selectivity and specificity. Enzymes are responsible for many essential biochemical reactions in micro organisms, plants, animals, and human beings. Biotechnology processes may have potential in energy production, specifically in the substitution of renewable plant biomass for fossil feedstock. This will depend on the development of enzymes able to degrade cellulose in plant biomass and designing methods to recycle or dispose of spent biomass. With time, research, and improved protein engineering methods, many enzymes have been genetically modified to be more effective at the desired temperatures, pH, or under other manufacturing conditions typically inhibitory to enzyme activity (e.g. harsh chemicals), making them more suitable and efficient for industrial or home applications. Enzymes are used in the extraction of natural products, as catalysts in organic chemistry, in clinical analysis, in industrial processes, and so on. The application of enzymes is found in many different fields and it is one of the good sectors to venture. In coming few years it is estimated that world enzyme demand will average annual increases of 6.3 percent. This book basically deals with principles of industrial enzymology, basis of utilization of soluble and immobilized, enzymes in industrial processes, principles of immobilization of enzymes, enzymes in clinical analysis principles, practical aspects of large-scale protein purification, the applications of enzymes in industry, use of enzymes in the extraction of natural products, data on techniques of enzyme immobilization and bio affinity procedures etc. In this book you can find all the basic information required on the fundamental aspects of the enzymes, their chemistry, bio chemistry as well as detailed information of their applications a wide variety of industrial processes etc. The book is very useful for research scholars, technocrats, institutional libraries and entrepreneurs who want to enter into the field of manufacturing of enzymes.

Leading experts from all over the world present an overview of the use of enzymes in industry for: - the production of bulk products, such as glucose, or fructose - food processing and food analysis - laundry and automatic dishwashing detergents - the textile, pulp and paper and animal feed industries - clinical diagnosis and therapy - genetic engineering. The book also covers identification methods of new enzymes and the optimization of known ones, as well as the regulatory aspects for their use in industrial applications. Up to date and wide in scope, this is a chance for non-specialists to acquaint themselves with this rapidly growing field. '...The quality...is so great that there is no hesitation in recommending it as ideal reading for any student requiring an introduction to enzymes. ...Enzymes in Industry - should command a place in any library, industrial or academic, where it will be frequently used.' The Genetic Engineer and Biotechnologist 'Enzymes in Industry' is an excellent introduction into the field of applied enzymology for the reader who is not familiar with the subject. ... offers a broad overview of the use of enzymes in industrial applications. It is up-to-date and remarkable easy to read, despite the fact that almost 50 different authors contributed. The scientist involved in enzyme work should have this book in his or her library. But it will also be of great value to the marketing expert interested in the present use of enzymes and their future in food and nonfood applications.' Angewandte Chemie 'This book should be available to all of those working with, or aspiring to work with, enzymes. In particular academics should use this volume as a source book to ensure that their 'new' projects will not 'reinvent the wheel'.' Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology

In recent years, there have been considerable developments in techniques for the investigation and utilisation of enzymes. With the assistance of a co-author, this popular student textbook has been updated to include techniques such as membrane chromatography, aqueous phase partitioning, engineering recombinant proteins for purification and due to the rapid advances in bioinformatics/proteomics, a discussion of the analysis of complex protein mixtures by 2D-electrophoresis and RPHPLC prior to sequencing by mass spectroscopy. Written with the student firmly in mind, no previous knowledge of biochemistry, and little of chemistry, is assumed. It is intended to provide an introduction to enzymology, and a balanced account of all the various theoretical and applied aspects of the subject which are likely to be included in a course. Provides an introduction to enzymology and a balanced account of the theoretical and applied aspects of the subject Discusses techniques such as membrane chromatography, aqueous phase partitioning and engineering recombinant proteins for purification Includes a discussion of the analysis of complex protein mixtures by 2D-electrophoresis and RPHPLC prior to sequencing by mass spectroscopy

The Industry-University Cooperative Chemistry Program (IUCCP) has sponsored eight previous international symposia covering a range of topics of interest to industrial and academic chemists. The ninth IUCCP Symposium, held March 18-21, 1991 at Texas A&M University was the second in a two part series focusing on Biotechnology. The title for this Symposium "Applications of Enzyme Biotechnology" was by design a rather all encompassing title, similar in some respects to the discipline. Biotechnology refers to the application of biochemistry for the development of a commercial product. Persons employed in or interested in biotechnology may be chemists, molecular biologists, biophysicists, or physicians. The breadth of biotech research projects requires close collaboration between scientists of a variety of backgrounds, prejudices, and interests. Biotechnology is a comparatively new discipline closely tied to new developments in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology and medicine. The primary function of Texas A&M University is to educate students who will be appropriately trained to carry out the mission of biotechnology. The IUCCP Symposium serves as an important forum for fostering closer ties between academia and industry and exchanging ideas so important to this evolving area.