Chemisorption And Reactivity On Supported Clusters And Thin Films

Heterogeneous catalysis provides the backbone of the world's chemical and oil industries. The innate complexity of practical catalytic systems suggests that useful progress should be achievable by investigating key aspects of catalysis by experimental studies on idealised model systems. Thin films and supported clusters are two promising types of model system that can be used for this purpose, since they mimic important aspects of the properties of practical dispersed catalysts. Similarly, appropriate theoretical studies of chemisorption and surface reaction clusters or extended slab systems can provide valuable information on the factors that underlie bonding and catalytic activity. This volume describes such experimental and theoretical approaches to the surface chemistry and catalytic behaviour of metals, metal oxides and metal/metal oxide systems. An introduction to the principles and main themes of heterogeneous catalysis is followed by detailed accounts of the application of modern experimental and theoretical techniques to fundamental problems. The application of advanced experimental methods is complemented by a full description of theoretical procedures, including Hartree-Fock, density functional and similar techniques. The relative merits of the various approaches are considered and directions for future progress are indicated.

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In 2001 Wyn Roberts celebrated both his 70th birthday and 50 years of working in surface science, to use the term "surface science" in its broadest meaning. This book aims to mark the anniversary with a contribution of lasting value, something more than the usual festschrift issue of a relevant journal. The book is divided into three sections: Surface Science, Model Catalysts and Catalysis, topics in which Wyn has always had interests. The authors for each chapter were chosen from some of the many eminent scientists who have worked with Wyn in various ways and are all internationally acknowledged as leaders in their field. The authors have produced authoritative reviews of their own specialties which together result in a book with an unrivalled combination of breadth and depth exploring the most recent developments in surface chemistry and catalysis.

Chemisorption and Reactions on Metallic Films, Volume 1 is a six-chapter text that describes the role of evaporated metal films in advancing the understanding of the metal-gas interface chemistry. Chapter 1 presents electron microscopy and diffraction studies and their contributions in elucidating the growth and structure of polycrystalline and epitaxially grown films. Chapter 2 describes the techniques of preparation and characterization of metallic films and examines the heats of adsorption, electrical conductivity, surface area, and sticking probabilities of such films. Chapter 3 discusses the strength of pairwise interactions; the influence of the intermetallic bond on the equilibrium shape of metal crystallites; the bonding of individual metal atoms to different crystallographic planes; the interaction of metal atoms and crystallites with non-conducting substrates; and the effects of residual gases on this interaction. Chapters 4 and 5 address the adsorption of metallic films, with an emphasis on general trends in adsorptive and electronic properties of bulk metals. These chapters also discuss the effects of adsorption on the electrical conductance of island-like and coherent films and on the ferromagnetic properties of films. Chapter 6 evaluates the application of infrared spectroscopy to the studies of the surfaces of metal films and the use of the available infrared spectroscopic data in reconciling the results of adsorption studies on oxide-supported metal particles with those obtained with clean evaporated metal films prepared under ultra high vacuum conditions. Research scientists and graduate students who are interested in the fundamentals of adsorption and catalysis will find this volume invaluable.

Nanotechnology has been hailed as a key technology of the 21st century. The scope of this field is huge and could have a wide influence on many aspects of life. Nanoscience; the manipulation of matter at the atomic and molecular level, and nanomaterials; materials so small that their behaviour and characteristics deviate from those of macroscopic specimens and may be predicted by scaling laws or by quantum confinement effects, are discussed in Nanoscopic Materials: Size - Dependent Phenomena. The book focuses on a qualitative and quantitative approach discussing all areas of nanotechnology with particular emphasis on the underlying physico-chemical and physical principles of nanoscience. Topics include electronic structure, magnetic properties, thermodynamics of size dependence and catalysis. There is also a section discussing the future potential of the field and the ethical implications of nanotechnology. The book is ideal for graduate students of chemistry and materials science and researchers new to the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

Heteroepitaxial films are commonplace among today's electronic and photonic devices. The realization of new and better devices relies on the refinement of epitaxial techniques and improved understanding of the physics underlying epitaxial growth. This book provides an up-to-date report on a wide range of materials systems. The first half reviews metallic and dielectric thin films, including chapters on metals, rare earths, metal-oxide layers, fluorides, and high-c superconductors. The second half covers semiconductor systems, reviewing developments in group-IV, arsenide, phosphide, antimonide, nitride, II-VI and IV-VI heteroepitaxy. Topics important to several systems are covered in chapters on atomic processes, ordering and growth dynamics.

This book covers the experimental and theoretical understanding of surface and thin film processes. It presents a unique description of surface processes in adsorption and crystal growth, including bonding in metals and semiconductors. Emphasis is placed on the strong link between science and technology in the description of, and research for, new devices based on thin film and surface science. Practical experimental design, sample preparation and analytical techniques are covered, including detailed discussions of Auger electron spectroscopy and microscopy. Thermodynamic and kinetic models of structure are emphasised throughout. The book provides extensive leads into practical and research literature, as well as resources on the World Wide Web (see http://venables.asu.edu/book). Each chapter contains problems which aim to develop awareness of the subject and the methods used. Aimed as a graduate textbook, this book will also be useful as a sourcebook for graduate students, researchers and practitioners in physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering.