China A Quarter Century After The Founding Of The People S Republic

China, whose recorded history extends back several thousand years, was once the most advanced civilization on earth. But after centuries of self-imposed isolation, the so-called Middle Kingdom found itself lagging behind the world's industrialized countries. Defeated militarily by the Western powers and Japan during the second half of the 19th century, China went through a series of reforms and revolutions before the emergence of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. Internal political struggles stifled the PRC's development during its early decades, but a reform program that began in the late 1970s has transformed China into an economic powerhouse and an increasingly important player on the international stage. The History of Modern China offers a comprehensive account of China's historical evolution from a prosperous empire to a semi-colonial nation and finally to an independent Communist state. This volume also provides an in-depth analysis of the interplay between China and the outside world, as well as among China's various political forces.

Congress and China Policy: Past Episodic, Recent Enduring Influence supports findings that bipartisan majorities in Congress have been instrumental in driving the fundamental shift in American policy toward China carried out during the past six years. Filling major gaps in the inadequate treatment of Congress in assessments of US policy toward China, this book compares recent Congressional influence with the episodes of Congressional activism in China policy over the past 200 years, showing Congress recently has been more important than ever. The findings also show that partisan politics, Congressional-executive competition for policy control, swings in public and media opinion, and influences by special interests—longstanding drivers of past Congressional involvement in China policy—have been of secondary or lesser importance as the Congressional members have grappled with the acute dangers posed by Chinese economic, security and governance challenges. Steady and determined efforts by this cohort of bipartisan Congressional majorities to defend America from Chinese challenges have proven more resolute than the erratic practices of President Trump and previously dismissive Joseph Biden who came late to a tougher policy. This volume forecasts that US policy will remain heavily influenced by these members as they serve out their terms in the years ahead.