Choroidal Disorders

Choroidal Disorders provides an overview on various chorioretinal disorders with a special emphasis on choroidal imaging. As our understanding of the choroid has significantly improved with the development of advanced optical coherence tomography (OCT) and its role in posterior segment diseases is gaining new significance, this book focuses on the related improvements, diagnostic capabilities, management and prognosis of various chorioretinal disorders. It covers conventional techniques, such as ultrasonography and indocyanine green angiography as well as the most advanced techniques, including enhanced depth imaging OCT, swept source OCT, and OCT angiography. Concise overview of various chorioretinal disorders, with special emphasis on choroidal imaging Written for practitioners and researchers in sensory systems (vision), ophthalmologists, and retina specialists Covers the most advanced imaging techniques in choroidal disorders, such as enhanced depth imaging OCT, swept source OCT, and OCT angiography

This text presents current information on retinal and choroidal manifestations of systemic diseases from leading experts in the field. Topics include retinal and choroidal manifestations of AIDS, pediatric diseases, toxicity of systemic drugs, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN), viral and fungal diseases, sarcoidosis, Behçet's disease, carotid artery and renal diseases, changes related to pregnancy, intraocular lymphoma, and more. Their knowledge and experience will assist ophthalmologists, retina specialists, uveitis and ocular oncology specialists, and general physicians approach a level of knowledge about retinal and choroidal manifestations of systemic diseases to benefit patients in everyday clinical practice.

This book highlights the unique aspects of oncologic ophthalmology as a medical and surgical discipline practiced at a comprehensive cancer center. Multi-disciplinary management of ocular, orbital and adnexal cancers are highlighted using simple and tried-and-true algorithms. In addition, ocular problems caused as a direct result of cancer treatment are reviewed using illustrative photographs and case presentations. The content is provided by full-time ophthalmology faculty and fellows at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Experts in complementary disciplines such as ophthalmic pathology, dermatopathology, radiation oncology, radiology, and other surgical subspecialties have brought their unique perspective to each chapter. The book is abundant with clinical photographs as well as interesting case presentations that will help the clinician correctly diagnose cancers of the orbit, eye, and adnexal structures, initiate appropriate management, as well as recognize and treat common ocular complications of cancer therapy.

Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates

Studies on Retinal and Choroidal Disorders examines the role that oxidative and nitrosative stress plays in the complex physiology and pathophysiology of the retina and choroid. Both the basic science researcher and the clinical practitioner can use this book as a guide to the current understanding of retinal and choroidal cellular mechanisms involved in aging and disease. Beginning with a review of oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathoetiology of AMD and a review of the complement system in the retina, the book then takes a detailed look at oxidative stress in lipid metabolism and oxidized lipoproteins in the retina. It examines the anti-apoptotic activity of α-crystallins in the presence of glutathione, oxidative stress in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, the role of iron in retinal disease, the mechanisms of pathological VEGF expression, NAPDH oxidase mechanisms, and Hepatocyte Growth Factor in oxidative stress in the retina. A detailed look at the Ccl2-/-/Cx3cr1-/- mouse model of AMD follows. Then a detailed examination of the systemic changes in AMD is followed by a discussion of cerium oxide nanoparticle reduction of oxidative stress. Two chapters discuss progenitor cells in the cause and treatment of retinal diseases including AMD and diabetic retinopathy. Natural compounds in the prevention and treatment of retinal diseases are exhaustively presented, followed by a chapter on serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonists in oxidative stress of the retina. The current anti-VEGF treatment strategies of neovascular AMD are then given. The volume continues with a detailed look at nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase in retinal vascular disease, an explanation of an in vivo technique of studying the effect of lipid hydroperoxides on circulating leucocytes in the retina, an excellent review of oxidative stress in retinopathy of prematurity, and a look at VEGF induced oxidative stress in the retinal ganglion cell. The book ends with a detail examination of the role of carotenoids in retinal health and disease. These 31 chapters summarize what is known about oxidative stress in retinal and choroidal disorders. All those involved with degenerative diseases of the eye will find Studies on Retinal and Choroidal Disorders to be illuminating and comprehensive.

The book discusses all aspects of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), including the basics, clinical conditions associated with CNV, clinical trials related to CNV, future directions and rehabilitation. The first section covers the pathogenesis, proposed mechanisms, disease models, histopathology and electronmicroscopy. The next section explores CNV secondary to various clinical conditions, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), myopia, and less common conditions like choroidal osteoma. The book also covers clinical features, imaging characteristics, and treatment approaches, as well as clinical trials in CNV conditions with recent updates. Lastly, it features chapters on stem cell therapy, gene therapy, new molecules, and lasers, as well as a section on rehabilitation, which addresses home monitoring and low vision aids. This book is intended for retina specialists, retina fellows and general ophthalmologists.

This book explains the underlying rationale for retinal and choroidal imaging in the context of systemic diseases. Various systemic diseases involve the eyes, and for some, the eyes could provide the first clue to their presence. Advances in posterior segment imaging have significantly improved our understanding of the pathophysiology and management of posterior segment diseases. However, imaging techniques like enhanced depth imaging, oximetry, adaptive optics, and retinal blood flowmetry have remained largely unexplored in connection with systemic diseases. Enhancing the available literature on the use of such imaging techniques for various systemic diseases, this handbook will help readers understand their pathomechanisms, supporting early diagnosis and more targeted therapeutic approaches. As such, it offers an essential resource for ophthalmologists, especially those with predominantly vitreo-retinal and uvea experience.

This handbook covers Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) with a specific focus on choroidal and vitreoretinal disorders. It serves as an invaluable resource for teaching and aiding daily clinical decision-making in the field. Book chapters dissect the fundamentals of angiography through OCT, offering guidance on OCT-A and insights into macular perfusional findings across various vitreoretinal and choroidal pathologies. From diabetic retinopathy to autoimmune diseases and neovascularization, the book addresses prevalent vascular entities encountered in routine practice. Furthermore, it explores innovative approaches, including antivascular endothelial growth factor molecules and extended-release delivery devices, contributing significantly to the diagnostic and decision-making processes in clinical and surgical retina care. Each chapter is contributed by experts in the relevant subspecialty. Key Features: Practical, patient-centered guide emphasizing a clinical approach. Demonstrative clinical cases for enhanced understanding. Evaluation of perfusional indices using noninvasive and noncontact imaging techniques. High histopathological correlation of structural tissue characterization with microvascular evaluation. Exploration of new perfusion concepts and their role in disease pathogenesis. Part 1 of the book focuses on OCT-A principles and applications in ophthalmology. It covers the basics of OCT-A, its contributions to eye disease study and treatment, and a comparative analysis with OCT for choroidal and vitreoretinal diseases. Additional information on nomenclature, normative datasets, and data analysis, presenting indices in different eye conditions is also presented. The emphasis is on macular perfusion in surgically resolved myopic foveoretinal detachment, postoperative evaluation in retinal detachment, and long-term analysis in diabetic retinopathy