Citizen Comedy In The Age Of Shakespeare

This is the first book to survey comprehensively the field of Elizabethan and Jacobean citizen comedy. Most studies of the period focus on major authors; this one follows recurring themes and motifs, through a variety of plays by many authors from the moralizing comedies of the boys' companies. Professor Leggatt provides not only a fresh perspective on familiar plays by such figures as Jonson, Middleton, and Dekker, but also a new look at a number of neglected comedies, some by unfamiliar authors, some by major authors working together. Standard figures – the usurer, the prodigal, and the prostitute – and standard plots – notably intrigues based on money or sex (or both) – are traced to show the changes that occur in apparently stereotyped material at the hands of individual authors. The result is to display the range and internal variety of a genre that too often is seen as all of a piece, and to show the different ways in which social thinking can interact with the demands and comic form. This book will interest students of Renaissance English drama, both for its treatment of a neglected type of play and for its comments on individual citizen comedies. Those who are concerned with drama as a vehicle for social commentary will find many points for discussion.

An accessible, wide-ranging and informed introduction to Shakespeare's comedies, dark comedies and romances, first published in 2001.

Reader's Guide Literature in English provides expert guidance to, and critical analysis of, the vast number of books available within the subject of English literature, from Anglo-Saxon times to the current American, British and Commonwealth scene. It is designed to help students, teachers and librarians choose the most appropriate books for research and study.

Douglas Bruster's provocative study of English Renaissance drama explores its links with Elizabethan and Jacobean economy and society, looking at the status of playwrights such as Shakespeare and the establishment of commercial theatres. He identifies in the drama a materialist vision which has its origins in the climate of uncertainty engendered by the rapidly expanding economy of London. His examples range from the economic importance of cuckoldry to the role of stage props as commodities, and the commercial significance of the Troy story in Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida, and he offers new ways of reading English Renaissance drama, by returning the theatre and the plays performed there, to its basis in the material world.

According To The Social Historians Of England, After The Economic And Religious Unrest Of The Middle Tudor Period, The Freedom Preached By The Humanists Rejuvenated In A Way The Moral Of The Entire Nation. And Shakespeare Having Chanced Upon The Best Time In Which To Live Had Ample Opportunity To Exercise, With Least Distraction And Most Encouragement, The Highest Faculties Of Man. His Comedies, Therefore, Register Most Comprehensively The Characteristics Of The Congenial Social Atmosphere Of His Time. The Saturnalia Presented In His Comedies Are Not Inimical To The Positive Aspects Of A New Bourgeois Social Set-Up, Which Facilitated The Notions Of Peace And Order. But Inside The Large England, Which Still Retained The Remnants Of Monarchy And/Or Aristocracy, Society Was Afflicted By Many Discordant Elements, Which Shakespeare Never Failed To Notice And Record. As An Assiduous Comic Playwright, He Infused In His Saturnalia The Hints Of Many Social Injustices, The Oppressive Patriarchy (Egeon And His Diktats Against His Daughter For Daring To Choose Her Own Husband In A Midsummer Night S Dream), The Crisis Of Aristocracy (Sir Toby And His Likes), The Degeneration Of Moral Values Leading To An Erosion Of Social Values In A Mercantile Society, And The Historical Retrospection Of The Turbulent Past.The Infusion Though Pronounced In His Early Comedies Is Not Entirely Absent In The Middle Comedies, Which Contain Elements Of Social Realism Behind A Romantic Exterior. The Audience Would Naturally Realize That Both The Early And The Middle Comedies Of Shakespeare Were Interlinked In The Context Of The Social Realism Of The Elizabethan Period. The Delicate Relationship Of Oberon And Titania In A Midsummer Night S Dream, For Instance, Represent A Different Version Of Matrimony Throughout Causing The Reader To Question The Validity Of The Institution. Likewise In The Taming Of The Shrew One Is At A Loss At The End Of The Play When Kate Appears To Be More Subservient Than Either Her Sister Or The Widow. Has Marriage Actually Tamed Her Or Has She Relinquished Her Past Misdemeanours Willingly Because She Has Fallen In Love With Petruchio? The World In Twelfth Night Is Also Clearly Demarcated Into Two Classes The Landowning Wealthy Aristocrats And The Titular Aristocrats Whom Lawrence Classifies As The Declassed Aristocrats . The Historical Retrospection Of The Past Is Made Clearer At This Apparently Incongruent Point, Than In All Other Romantic Comedies. The Book Would Definitely Prove Valuable To Students And Teachers Concerned With Shakespearean Works.

With the publication of Brian Gibbons's Jacobean City Comedy thirty-five years ago, the urban satires by Ben Jonson, John Marston and Thomas Middleton attained their 'official status as a Renaissance subgenre' that was distinct, by its farcical humour and ironic tone, from 'citizen comedy' or 'London drama' more generally. This retrospective genre-building has proved immensely fruitful in the study of early modern English drama; and although city comedies may not yet rival Shakespeare's plays in the amount of editorial work and critical acclaim they receive, both the theatrical contexts and the dramatic complexity of the genre itself, and its interrelations with Shakespearean drama justly command an increasing level of attention. Looking at a broad range of plays written between the 1590s and the 1630s - master-pieces of the genre like Eastward Ho, A Trick to Catch the Old One, The Dutch Courtesan and The Devil is an Ass, blends of romance and satire like The Shoemaker's Holiday and The Knight of the Burning Pestle, and bourgeois oddities in the Shakespearean manner like The London Prodigal - the twelve essays in this volume re-examine city comedy in the light of recently foregrounded historical contexts such as early modern capitalism, urban culture, the Protestant Reformation, and playhouse politics. Further, they explore the interrelations between city comedy and Shakespearean comedy both from the perspective of author rivalry and in terms of modern adaptations: the twenty-first-century concept of 'popular Shakespeare' (above all in the movie sector) seems to realign the comparatively time- and placeless Shakespearean drama with the gritty, noisy and bustling urban scene that has been city comedy's traditional preserve.

Arguing that the commercial stage depended on the unprecedented demographic growth and commercial vibrancy of London to fuel its own development, Jean E. Howard posits a particular synergy between the early modern stage and the city in which it flourished. In London comedy, place functions as the material arena in which social relations are regulated, urban problems negotiated, and city space rendered socially intelligible. Rather than simply describing London, the stage participated in interpreting it and giving it social meaning. Each chapter of this book focuses on a particular place within the city—the Royal Exchange, the Counters, London's whorehouses, and its academies of manners—and examines the theater's role in creating distinctive narratives about each. In these stories, specific locations are transformed into venues defined by particular kinds of interactions, whether between citizen and alien, debtor and creditor, prostitute and client, or dancing master and country gentleman. Collectively, they suggest how city space could be used and by whom, and they make place the arena for addressing pressing urban problems: demographic change and the influx of foreigners and strangers into the city; new ways of making money and losing it; changing gender roles within the metropolis; and the rise of a distinctive "town culture" in the West End. Drawing on a wide range of familiar and little-studied plays from four decades of a defining era of theater history, Theater of a City shows how the stage imaginatively shaped and responded to the changing face of early modern London.