Class Definitions

"This book examines how working-class status intersects with other identities such as gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, and region in the lives and works of the three authors named. Its introduction discusses widely recognized definitions of the working class and common traits of working-class literature. These include representations of working-class lives, providing a voice for the voiceless, representation of suffering caused by class inequities, and the use of working-class dialect. Working-class women's literature, in particular, reclaims women's bodies from overwork, sexual abuse, or degradation brought on by poverty." "The text then devotes a chapter to each author's life and writing, examining the distinct critical features of each writer's work, as well as the specific ethnic, regional, and personal dynamics that inflect her working-class experiences. Class Definitions includes unpublished interviews with each of the authors." "During the past decade, working-class literature has been recognized in national conferences as well as in anthologies. Yet there are stubborn tendencies to identify the working class with white male laborers and to see ethnic and working-class writing as distinct camps. This book argues for recognition of the varieties of working-class experience through its examination of three diverse authors and their texts. It highlights the specific working-class experience of each author, and thus avoids essentializing working-class women's lives and writings. Maxine Hong Kingston's writing was informed by her years in the anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as by her working-class background. Her recent work has reflected writing workshops with veterans. Sandra Cisneros's work represents women struggling with the Chicano code of machismo and the legend of La Malinche. Dorothy Allison has talked about her need to write against the stereotypes of poor Southerners as well as to be out about her lesbianism. Working-class women's literature is not propaganda or a blueprint, but rather might be compared to a tapestry as rich and multifaceted as the American multicultural landscape itself." "Class Definitions is informed by feminist, working-class, and literary theory, but written in a highly accessible and engaging prose. It will appeal to both scholars and the wide reading public that Kingston, Cisneros, and Allison each enjoy. Ultimately, the book provides a deeper understanding of each author's work and argues for a more nuanced appreciation of working-class women's literature. In lives characterized by material deprivation and social marginality, literature provides a glimmer of hope. For each of these writers, imaginative writing is not only a vivid representation of inequalities, but also an inspiring glimpse into possibilities."--BOOK JACKET.

The Well-Grounded Python Developer teaches you how to write real software in Python by building on the basic language skills you already have. When you’re new to Python, it can be tough to understand where and how to use its many language features. There’s a dizzying array of libraries, and it’s challenging to fit everything together. The Well-Grounded Python Developer builds on Python skills you’ve learned in isolation and shows you how to unify them into a meaningful whole. The Well-Grounded Python Developer teaches you how to write real software in Python by building on the basic language skills you already have. It helps you see the big picture you can create out of small pieces, introducing concepts like modular construction, APIs, and the design of a basic web server. When you’re finished, you’ll have gone from having a basic understanding of Python's syntax, grammar, and libraries to using them as the tools of a professional software developer. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications.

Most developed economies are characterized by high levels of inequality and an inability to provide stability or opportunity for many of their citizens. Mainstream economics has proven to be of little assistance in addressing these systemic failures, and this has led both scholars and students to seek alternatives. One such alternative is provided by Marxian economics. In recent decades the field has seen tremendous theoretical development and Marxian perspectives have begun to appear in public discourse in unprecedented ways. This handbook contains thirty-seven original essays from a wide range of leading international scholars, recognized for their expertise in different areas of Marxian economics. Its scope is broad, ranging from contributions on familiar Marxist concepts such as value theory, the labor process, accumulation, crisis and socialism, to others not always associated with the Marxian canon, like feminism, ecology, international migration and epistemology. This breadth of coverage reflects the development of Marxian economic and social theory, and encompasses both the history and the frontiers of current scholarship. This handbook provides an extensive statement of the current shape and future direction of Marxian economics. The Routledge Handbook of Marxian Economics is an invaluable resource for students, researchers and policy makers seeking guidance in this field. It is designed to serve both as a reference work and as a supplementary text for classroom use, with applications for courses in economics, sociology, political science, management, anthropology, development studies, philosophy and history.

This volume delves into the study of the world’s emerging middle class. With essays on Europe, the United States, Africa, Latin America, and Asia, the book studies recent trends and developments in middle class evolution at the global, regional, national, and local levels. It reconsiders the conceptualization of the middle class, with a focus on the diversity of middle class formation in different regions and zones of world society. It also explores middle class lifestyles and everyday experiences, including experiences of social mobility, feelings of insecurity and anxiety, and even middle class engagement with social activism. Drawing on extensive fieldwork and in-depth interviews, the book provides a sophisticated analysis of this new and rapidly expanding socioeconomic group and puts forth some provocative ideas for intellectual and policy debates. It will be of importance to students and researchers of sociology, economics, development studies, political studies, Latin American studies, and Asian Studies.

This book starts from three observations. First, the use of humour is a complex, puzzling, and idiosyncratically human form of behaviour (and hence is of scientific interest). Second, there is currently no theory of how humour works. Third, one useful step towards a theory of humour is to analyze humorous items in precise detail, in order to understand their mechanisms. The author begins by considering how to study jokes rigorously: the assumptions to make, the guidelines to follow and the pitfalls to avoid. A critique of other work on humour is also provided. This introduces some important concepts, and also demonstrates the lack of agreement about what a theory of humour should look like. The language devices used in various jokes, such as puns or humour based on misinterpretation, are analysed in detail. The central part of the book develops, and demonstrates, proposals for how best to analyze the workings of simple jokes. Finally, the author makes some general suggestions about the language devices that seem to be central to the construction of jokes. The Linguistic Analysis of Jokes will be invaluable for researchers and advanced students of humour research, linguistics and cognitive science.

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