Clinical Decision Making And Judicial Reasoning

Provides a methodical guide to assist in making prudent clinical decisions that while best for the patient, also avoid future liabilityExplains the competing functions of the courtsDescribes the differences in physician and lawyer reasoningIncludes numerous examples for discussion with many from real world casesA guide for healthcare providers to prudent decision-making that ensures the safety of patients and protects providers from liability. The book is written in a concise, very accessible, and methodical way for both students and practitioners. Examples and cases are provided throughout for classroom discussions and personal reflection. This is a key reference for physicians, medical students, advanced practice professionals, and law students in tort law programs.

Over the years, psychologists have devoted uncountable hours to learning how human beings make judgments and decisions. As much progress as scholars have made in explaining what judges do over the past few decades, there remains a certain lack of depth to our understanding. Even where scholars can make consensual and successful predictions of a judge's behavior, they will often disagree sharply about exactly what happens in the judge's mind to generate the predicted result. This volume of essays examines the psychological processes that underlie judicial decision making.

Policy-capturing models, data-based aids, expert systems and decision analysis are the main decision-making techniques introduced here, with attention to their methodological bases and practical evaluation.

Praise for Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice, Third Edition "Eileen Gambrill is unparalleled in her ability to describe common flaws and biases in clinical decision making. The result in this revised edition is a steadfast call for change that also acknowledges the demands of practice. A must-read for clinicians and researchers alike." —Elizabeth K. Anthony, PhD, Assistant Professor, School of Social Work, Arizona State University "This Third Edition builds upon the impressive strengths of Gambrill's prior treatments of the topic to support the notion that critical thinking is a teachable skill and one essential for contemporary practice in the human services. This book should be the default authority on the topic of critical thinking for human service professionals and would be an excellent textbook." —Bruce A. Thyer, PhD, LCSW, Professor and former Dean, Florida State University College of Social Work "I was skeptical about how Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice could be improved, but Eileen Gambrill has succeeded! Her articulation of critical thinking skills for clinical decisions ultimately will benefit the people we serve." —Joanne Yaffe, PhD, ACSW, Associate Professor of Social Work and Adjunct Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Utah A balanced and illustrative guide to incorporating critical-thinking values, knowledge, and skills into clinical education and practice Now in a third edition, Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice is written for helping professionals who want to think more clearly about the decisions they make and the context in which they make them. It is a practical volume for clinicians who would like to expand their knowledge of common pitfalls and fallacies in clinical reasoning. As in earlier editions, this Third Edition draws on research related to problem solving and decision making, illustrating the relevance of research findings to everyday clinical practice and policy. Revised throughout, the new edition includes discussion of: The influence of pharmaceutical companies on the helping professions, including disease mongering—the creation of bogus risks, problems, and needless worries Different kinds of propaganda in the helping professions that compromise informed consent Additional coverage of classification, pathology, reliance on authority, and hazards in data collection The development of decision aids of value to both professionals and clients The relative contribution of specific interventions compared to nonspecific factors to positive outcome Factors related to decision making in multidisciplinary teams New developments regarding intuitive and analytic reasoning The pragmatic theory of fallacies Designed to enhance the quality of services offered to clients, Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice, Third Edition is filled with insightful examples, useful lists, websites, and guidelines, presenting an essential resource for all helping professionals and students in the helping professions.

What's behind every healed patient? Critical thinking! And what book best equips you to master the critical thinking skills needed for success on the NCLEX examination and in professional nursing practice? Alfaro's Critical Thinking, Clinical Reasoning, and Clinical Judgment, 6th Edition! With a motivational style and insightful "how-to" approach, this unique textbook draws upon real-life scenarios and evidence-based strategies as it guides you in learning to think critically in clinically meaningful ways. The new edition features a more streamlined, full-color design, and expanded coverage on some of key trends, including: interdisciplinary care teams, competency-based education, the IOM’s Leading Health Indicators, legal considerations, the effects of the Affordable Care Act, and much more. If you want to truly succeed in nursing practice today and be thinking-oriented rather than task-oriented, then look no further than this one-of-a-kind textbook. Simple approach and motivational writing style include vivid examples, memorable anecdotes, and real case scenarios to make content come alive. Practical strategies to promote critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and clinical judgment are incorporated along with supporting evidence as to why the strategies work. Focus on application (or "how to") and inclusion of supporting rationales (theory) make difficult concepts easy to learn. Critical thinking indicators feature evidence-based descriptions from the author of behaviors that promote critical thinking in nursing practice. Highlighted features and sections — such as Chapter at a Glance, Pre-Chapter Self-Tests, Guiding Principles, Critical Moments, Other Perspectives, Think-Pair-Share, Help Me Out cartoons, real-life clinical scenarios, key points, critical thinking exercises, and more — promote independent learning. UNIQUE! Brain-based learning principles utilize strategies that challenge the mind and are incorporated throughout the text. Timely coverage includes topical issues, such as: problem-focused versus outcome-focused thinking, prioritizing, developing a culture of safety, healthy work environments, expanding roles related to diagnosis and management, applying delegation principles, evidence-based practice, improving grades and passing tests the first time, NCLEX preparation, ensuring documentation reflects critical thinking, communication and interpersonal skills, strategies for common workplace challenges, and more. Inclusion of ethics- and standards-based professional practice reflects today’s professional climate which demands increasing accountability. Incorporation of cultural, spiritual, and lifespan content along with the nurse’s role in hospitals, communities, and long-term care settings presents a broad approach to critical thinking. Discussion of Tanner and Benner’s most recent work on what the research says about critical thinking and clinical judgment in nursing keeps readers up to date on the evidence-based side of practice. Coverage of IOM, QSEN, and other patient safety standards also keeps readers up to date on safe and effective nursing care.

Mental health professionals routinely make treatment decisions without necessarily having an overarching perspective about optimal next steps. This important new book provides them with reader-friendly, pragmatic strategies to approach clinical problems as testable hypotheses. It discusses how to apply concepts based on decision analytic theory using risk-benefit analyses, contingency planning, measurement-based care, shared decision making, pharmacogenetics, disease staging, and machine learning. Readers will learn how these tools can help them craft optimal pharmacological and psychosocial interventions tailored to the needs of an individual patient. The book covers topics such as diagnostic ambiguity, interview technique, applying statistical concepts to individual patients, artificial intelligence, and managing high-risk, treatment-resistant, or demanding and difficult patients. Valuable clinical vignettes are featured throughout the book to illustrate common dilemmas and scenarios where the relative merits of competing treatment options invite a more iterative than definitive approach. For all healthcare professionals who prescribe psychotropic medications.

This is a resource book on clinical decision support systems for informatics specialists, a textbook for teachers or students in health informatics and a comprehensive introduction for clinicians. It has become obvious that, in addition to physicians, other health professionals have need of decision support. Therefore, the issues raised in this book apply to a broad range of clinicians. The book includes chapters written by internationally recognized experts on the design, evaluation and application of these systems, who examine the impact of computer-based diagnostic tools both from the practitioner’s perspective and that of the patient.

Decision making is the physician's major activity. Every day, in doctors' offices throughout the world, patients describe their symptoms and com plaints while doctors perform examinations, order tests, and, on the basis of these data, decide what is wrong and what should be done. Although the process may appear routine-even to the physicians in volved-each step in the sequence requires skilled clinical judgment. Physicians must decide: which symptoms are important, whether any laboratory tests should be done, how the various items of clinical data should be combined, and, finally, which of several treatments (including doing nothing) is indicated. Although much of the information used in clinical decision making is objective, the physician's values (a belief that pain relief is more important than potential addiction to pain-killing drugs, for example) and subjectivity are as much a part of the clinical process as the objective findings of laboratory tests. In recent years, both physicians and psychologists have come to realize that patient management decisions are not only subjective but also prob abilistic (although this is not always acknowledged overtly). When doc tors argue that an operation is fairly safe because it has a mortality rate of only 1 %, they are at least implicitly admitting that the outcome of their decision is based on probability.