Commercial Applications

Eddy covariance method is a modern high-precision technique for direct measurements of the movement of gases, water vapor, heat, and momentum between the surface and the atmosphere. It is used for measurements of carbon sequestration and emission rates in natural, agricultural, industrial, and urban environments, atmospheric exchange rates of greenhouse gases, direct mea­surements of evapotranspirative water loss, heat exchange, turbulence rates, and momentum fluxes. The wide range of applications includes numerous fundamental and applied sciences, regulatory and industrial monitoring, multiple aspects of agricultural management, as well as carbon trading and offsets, corporate sustainability and neutrality, among many others. The book “Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Regulatory, and Commercial Applications” has been created to familiarize the reader with the general theoretical principles, requirements, applica­tions, planning, processing, and analysis steps of the eddy covariance method. It is intended to assist readers in furthering their understanding of the method and provide refer­ences such as academic textbooks, flux network guidelines, and journal papers. In particular, it is designed to help scientific, industrial, agricultural, and regulatory projects and monitoring programs with experiment design and field deployment of the eddy covariance method. Some of the topics covered in “Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Regulatory, and Commercial Applications” include: · Overview of eddy covariance principles · Planning and design of an eddy covariance experiment · Implementation of an eddy covariance experiment · Processing and analysis of eddy covariance data · Networking multiple flux stations · Alternative flux methods · Useful resources, training and knowledge base · Example of planning, design and implementation of a comprehensive automated flux station

Discover the go-to handbook for developers and application-oriented researchers who use carbon nanotubes in real products Carbon nanotubes have held much interest for researchers since their discovery in 1991. Due to their low mass density, large aspect ratio, and unique physical, chemical, and electronic properties, they provide a fertile ground for innovation in nanoscale applications. The development of chemical modifications that can enhance the poor dispersion of carbon nanotubes in solvents and improve interactions with other materials have enabled extensive industrial applications in a variety of fields. As the chemistry of carbon nanotubes and their functionalization becomes better understood, Chemically Modified Carbon Nanotubes for Commercial Applications presents the most recent developments of chemically modified carbon nanotubes and emphasizes the broad appeal for commercial purposes along many avenues of interest. The book reviews their already realized and prospective applications in fields such as electronics, photonics, separation science, food packaging, environmental monitoring and protecting, sensing technology, and biomedicine. By focusing on their commercialization prospects, this resource offers a unique approach to a significant and cutting-edge discipline. Chemically Modified Carbon Nanotubes for Commercial Applications readers will also find: Case studies that emphasize the information presented in each chapter Each chapter includes important websites and suggested reading materials Discussion of current applications of the relevant methodologies in every chapter A look at future perspectives in each application area to highlight the scope for next steps within the industry Chemically Modified Carbon Nanotubes for Commercial Applications is a valuable reference for material scientists, chemists (especially those focused on environmental concerns), and chemical and materials engineering scientists working in R&D and academia who want to learn more about chemically modified carbon nanotubes for various scalable commercial applications. It is also a useful resource for a broad audience: anyone interested in the fields of nanomaterials, nanoadsorbents, nanomedicine, bioinspired nanomaterials, nanotechnology, nanodevices, nanocomposites, biomedical application of nanomaterials, nano-engineering, and high energy applications.

A very complete survey of different approaches adopted by Eastern and Western countries for the disposal of surplus ammunition. Incineration and other techniques for the disposal of high explosives, gun and rocket propellants are introduced and discussed in relation to environmental and safety requirements. Proposals for and examples of the re-use of military explosives in commercial applications are given. Topics discussed range from the conversion of energetic systems into chemical raw materials to the new development of energetic systems with special features for commercial use (such as producing artificial diamonds by detonation, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, fire extinguishing, etc.).

The industry's leading researchers contribute an extremely wide range of articles to provide comprehensive coverage of this burgeoning field. Well illustrated, the volume will become a standard reference work for chemists and materials scientists interested in virtually all aspects of carbon-fluorine bonds.