Community Series Extremophiles Microbial Genomics And Taxogenomics Volume Ii

This Research Topic is the second volume of the 'Community series-Extremophiles: Microbial Genomics and Taxogenomics'. Please see the first volume here. Extreme habitats exist across the globe and span over three quarters of our planet. They can be widely different from a physical-chemical perspective as they include diverse types of extreme, such as temperature, pH, salinity, radiation, pressure, low water activity, low nutrient availability, etc. Organisms capable of adjusting, surviving, or thriving in those habitats, which are so hostile that they were previously thought to be adverse or lethal for life, are called “extremophiles”.

Various groups of microorganisms - bacteria, archaea, algae and even fungi - have adapted to a life in a hypersaline environment. Halophilic Microorganisms explores the many-fold aspects of life under these extreme conditions. Several contributions analyze the microbial communities in different hypersaline environments such as salterns, soda lakes, and the Dead Sea or salt sediments. Reviews of their biodiversity, phylogeny, and genetics are given as well as of the diverse adaptation strategies of salt-tolerant or salt-requiring microorganisms. Microorganisms that have adapted to moderate salt concentrations or to habitats with drastic fluctuations are also treated in addition to the extreme halophiles. Their physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms developed in response to salinity and high osmotic pressure as well as current and future biotechnological applications are presented.

Whether you are a scientist, laureate, professor, college student, high school student or a beginner, this book is meant to educate and introduce the most fascinating and interesting field of the modern science. Where the principles of Quantum physics and postulates of modern mathematics get infused with chemical and life sciences in the broth of space science. Where several mysteries got revealed and some are yet to reveal.Where Astrobiology explains fascinating interdisciplinary scientific field which addresses many questions like: How was the origin of life? How was early evolution? Are we alone in the universe? How did life distribute? What is the future of life in universe? It also addresses the question of how humans can detect extraterrestrial life, if it does exist.Modern day Quantum physics and mathematics are in a race to invent a best possible way or technology to travel in the universe and also helps to figure out the challenges we are going to face while space travel.Space medicine tells about the practice of medicine on astronauts in outer space but it also includes all aspects of preventative medicine like screening, health care delivery and maintaining astronauts' performance in the extreme environment of space and maintaining the long-term health of space travellers.This book, Astrobiology and Space Medicine, covers the basic concepts of evolution, astrobiology, and microbes in extreme earth environments and at ISS, effects of space extremes on human body and how to deal with them through space medicine as well as the future in space. This is one of a kind book, which covers many exciting topics and their interactions with each other. The major goal of this book is to create interest and awareness in people about the exciting topics of astrobiology and space medicine. There is so much out there in space undiscovered waiting for new generation of future scientists, laureates, discoverers and explorers to get explored and discovered.So, I and the whole team of authors urge you to embark the zeal of science in you and join the race of invention and discoveries by giving birth of a scientist in you.Have a good experience of reading this book.

An international consensus policy to prevent the biological cross-contamination of planetary bodies exists and is maintained by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) of the International Council for Science, which is consultative to the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Currently, COSPAR's planetary protection policy does not specify the status of sample-return missions from Phobos or Deimos, the moons of Mars. Although the moons themselves are not considered potential habitats for life or of intrinsic relevance to prebiotic chemical evolution, recent studies indicate that a significant amount of material recently ejected from Mars could be present on the surface of Phobos and, to a lesser extent, Deimos. This report reviews recent theoretical, experimental, and modeling research on the environments and physical conditions encountered by Mars ejecta during certain processes. It recommends whether missions returning samples from Phobos and/or Deimos should be classified as "restricted" or "unrestricted" Earth return in the framework of the planetary protection policy maintained by COSPAR. This report also considers the specific ways the classification of sample return from Deimos is a different case than sample return from Phobos.

Volume 41 of Methods in Microbiology is a methods book designed to highlight procedures that will revitalize the purposes and practices of prokaryotic systematics. This volume will notably show that genomics and computational biology are pivotal to the new direction of travel and will emphasise that new developments need to be built upon historical good practices, notably the continued use of the nomenclatural type concept and the requirement to deposit type strains in at least two service culture collections in different countries. Detailed protocols on cutting edge methods Prepared by leading international experts in the relevant fields

This informative and up-to-date book is an invaluable review on current research in astrobiology and is an essential acquisition for anyone involved in this cross-disciplinary field.

The existence of life at high temperatures is quiet fascinating. At elevated temperatures, only microorganisms are capable of growth and survival. Many thermophilic microbial genera have been isolated from man-made (washing machines, factory effluents, waste streams and acid mine effluents) and natural (volcanic areas, geothermal areas, terrestrial hot springs, submarine hydrothermal vents, geothermally heated oil reserves and oil wells, sun-heated litter and soils/sediments) thermal habitats throughout the world. Both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches have been employed for understanding the diversity of microbes in hot environments. Interest in their diversity, ecology, and physiology has increased enormously during the past few decades as indicated by the deliberations in international conferences on extremophiles and thermophiles held every alternate year and papers published in journals such as Extremophiles. Thermophilic moulds and bacteria have been extensively studied in plant biomass bioconversion processes as sources of industrial enzymes and as gene donors. In the development of third generation biofuels such as bioethanol, thermophilic fungal and bacterial enzymes are of particular interest. The book is aimed at bringing together scattered up-to-date information on various aspects of thermophiles such as the diversity of thermophiles and viruses of thermophiles, their potential roles in pollution control and bioremediation, and composting.