Comparative Criminology Across Western And African Perspectives

Crime prevention is essential to the success of any civilization. Effective criminal justice systems contribute greatly to the prevention of crime. However, clashing traditional and modern theories regarding appropriate action within criminal justice organizations can cause these systems to fail even when personnel is beyond reproach. Successfully blending traditional and modern theories on criminal justice can bolster justice systems and allow them to be successful. Comparative Criminology Across Western and African Perspectives is a critical scholarly publication that addresses comparative issues pertaining to empirical research and theoretical frameworks on criminology in Africa. Highlighting topics such as policing ethics, criminal theory, and victims’ rights, this book is ideal for academicians, law enforcement, victim advocates, lawmakers, correctional officers, correctional rehabilitation counselors, criminologists, researchers, policymakers, government officials, and students.

The objective of Arab Criminology is to establish a criminological subfield called ‘Arab Criminology.’ The ever-evolving field of criminology has advanced in the past decade, yet many impediments remain. Unlike criminology in Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe, and Oceania, which is based merely on geopolitical constructs, the Arab world has unique commonalities that do not exist in the other established subfields of criminology. The Arab world has largely remained in criminology’s periphery despite the region’s considerable importance to current international affairs. In response, this book explores two main questions: Why should we and how do we establish a subfield in Arab criminology? The authors examine the state of criminology in the Arab world, define its parameters, and present four components that bond and distinguish Arab criminology from other criminological area studies. They then identify the requirements for establishing Arab criminology and detail how local, regional, and international researchers can collaborate, develop, and expand the subfield. Arab criminology will challenge some of the recurrent Orientalist and Islamophobic tropes in Northern criminology and progress the discipline of criminology to reflect a more diverse focus that embraces regions from the Global South. Presenting compelling arguments and examples that support the establishment of this subfield, Arab Criminology will be of great interest to scholars of criminology, criminal justice, legal studies, and Middle Eastern/North African studies, particularly those working on Southern criminology, comparative criminology, international criminal justice systems, and Arab studies.

This book introduces the ‘Southern criminology’ movement; explores its theoretical, methodological, and philosophical tools; offers analytical accounts on the development of criminological thoughts in marginalised regions; and showcases the cutting edge of criminological research from Southern settings. Southernising Criminology is structured into three parts. The first part provides theoretical and methodological insights into how criminology can be Southernised, including renowned social scientists who share concerns for the need to reconceptualise the centre, the periphery, and their relations. The second part brings the reader up-to-date with the state of criminological research in different parts of the world and how far this landscape has changed when introducing Southern perspectives. The third part shows first-hand examples of how Southern criminology is done, with its challenges and transformative potential for criminological knowledge. Bringing together contributions from leading scholars working across the five continents and drawing on issues such as state criminality, violent crime, criminal justice practices, and state and non-state punishment, this book offers a critical account of the problems of metropolitan thinking, colonial and imperial power relations, and Western ethnocentric approaches to criminology. It offers a nuanced and grounded reflection on how things are being done differently and why that is important. An accessible and compelling read, this book will appeal to students and scholars of criminology, sociology, politics, and policy makers from around the world who are interested in the field of criminology and are aware of the urgent need for it to be decolonised and democratised.

The United States incarcerates nearly one quarter of the world’s prison population with only five percent of its total inhabitants, in addition to a history of using internment camps and reservations. An overreliance on incarceration has emphasized long-standing and systemic racism in criminal justice systems and reveals a need to critically examine current processes in an effort to reform modern systems and provide the best practices for successfully responding to deviance. Global Perspectives on People, Process, and Practice in Criminal Justice is an essential scholarly reference that focuses on incarceration and imprisonment and reflects on the differences and alternatives to these policies in various parts of the world. Covering subjects from criminology and criminal justice to penology and prison studies, this book presents chapters that examine processes and responses to deviance in regions around the world including North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Uniquely, this book presents chapters that give a voice to those who are not always heard in debates about incarceration and justice such as those who have been incarcerated, family members of those incarcerated, and those who work within the walls of the prison system. Investigating significant topics that include carceral trauma, prisoner rights, recidivism, and desistance, this book is critical for academicians, researchers, policymakers, advocacy groups, students, government officials, criminologists, and other practitioners interested in criminal justice, penology, human rights, courts and law, victimology, and criminology.

In today’s modern era, it has never been more crucial to ensure the safety of vulnerable populations, in particular Black individuals, in custody. Further study is required to implement best practices and strategies that improve protection. Comparing Black Deaths in Custody, Police Brutality, and Social Justice Solutions describes the actions that lead to the death of Black people while they are in the process of being detained by a law enforcement agent or are already detained. This publication focuses on three core countries, America, Australia, and South Africa, where Black deaths in custody appear to occur at higher rates. Covering key topics such as racism, prejudice, and slavery, this reference work is ideal for industry professionals, law enforcement officers, government officials, policymakers, researchers, scholars, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.

The internet has greatly enhanced access to, dissemination, and sale of child pornography, which is a profitable industry estimated to generate billions of dollars worldwide. While efforts to address the issue of sexual exploitation of children may be slow, the capabilities of offenders to organize, communicate over the internet, and harness technology are unequivocally fast. Protection of children against cyber exploitation has become imperative, and measures should be taken that are specific and targeted to provide specialized victim identification capabilities; adequate protection for children using the internet; genuine participation of children; a full and responsible private sector; and finally, coordinated, effective, and structured international cooperation to protect all children. Combating the Exploitation of Children in Cyberspace: Emerging Research and Opportunities provides innovative research for understanding all elements of combating cyber exploitation of children including the roles of law enforcement, international organizations, and the judicial system and educating children and their families to the dangers of the independent internet usage through cyberspace awareness programs. The content within this publication examines child grooming, cyberbullying, and cybercrime. It is designed for law enforcement, lawmakers, teachers, government officials, policymakers, IT specialists, cybercriminal researchers, psychologists, victim advocates, professionals, academicians, researchers, and students.

Restorative justice is a conceptual and practical framework for repairing any harm that may have been caused either to people, property, or things. It is essential to investigate examples, scenarios, perspectives, strategies, and implications for the use of restorative justice in diverse settings, including K-12 settings, colleges and universities, the workplace, and within public safety organizations and departments. Emphasis must also be placed on diversity, equity, belonging, and inclusion and how restorative practices foster the use of inclusive practices and accessibility for all persons. Restorative Justice and Practices in the 21st Century offers broad perspectives across numerous disciplines and professions and provides restorative practitioners with a timely account of what restorative justice and practices may offer to their respective organizations, school, or agency. It provides possible strategies and actions to implement restorative practices as well as how restorative practices can provide different strategies and methods in handling conflict, disputes, and discipline. Covering topics such as equity and inequalities, pedagogical reflection, and indigenous roots, this premier reference source is an essential resource for administrators and educators of both K-12 and higher education, public safety officials, law enforcement, corrections officers, students of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

The need for evidence-based practice to enhance current and future police training and assessment has never been greater. This need focuses on the procedures and findings of research within the field of police work along with the philosophy guiding these research approaches and commentaries on the methods being used. With many future directions for the science of police training and assessment, the focus on new training techniques and technologies for improving performance is of the upmost importance to find the best current, evidence-based practices for policing. In addition to these practices, understanding the practical realities and challenges of implementing cutting-edge procedures is essential in gaining a holistic view on police well-being and performance. Interventions, Training, and Technologies for Improved Police Well-Being and Performance is a critical publication that explores new training methods and technologies. The future of policing is poised to change, making the need for developments in evidence-based practices more important than ever before. New technology and techniques for improving performance and the perception of the police force can guide the policies and practices of law enforcement, trainers and academies, government officials, policymakers, psychologists, psychiatrists, therapists, to a more effective implementation of training and procedures. Including the perspective of police officers within the publication, this text offers insight into an often neglected viewpoint when creating training and policies. This text is also be beneficial for researchers, academicians, and students interested in the new training techniques, technologies, and interventions for police performance and well-being.