Conceptions Of Justice From Earliest History To Islam

This book examines the conceptions of justice from Zarathustra to Islam. The text explores the conceptions of justice by Zarathustra, Ancient Egypt, India, Mesopotamia, Noah, Abraham, and Moses. During the Axial Age (800-200BCE), the focus of justice is in India, China, and Greece. In the post-Axial age, the focus is on Christianity. The authors then turn to Islam, where justice is conceived as a system, which emerges if the Qur’anic rules are followed. This work concludes with the views of early Muslim thinkers and on how these societies deteriorated after the death of the Prophet. The monograph is ideal for those interested in the conception of justice through the ages, Islamic studies, political Islam, and issues of peace and justice.

This book explains a perspective on the system of justice that emerges in Islam if rules are followed and how the Islamic system is differentiated from the conventional thinking on justice. It examines conceptions of justice from the Enlightenment to Bentham to Rawls to contemporary philosophers including Sen, Cohen, Nussbaum, and Pogge. The authors present the views of twentieth century Muslim thinkers on justice who see Muslims upholding rituals but not living according to Qur’anic rules. It provides empirical surveys of the current state of justice in Muslim countries analyzing the economic, social, and political state of affairs. The authors conclude by assessing the state of justice-injustice in Muslim countries and highlighting areas in need of attention for justice to prevail.

Majid Khadduri, one of the world's preeminent authorities on Islamic justice and jurisprudence, presents his extensive study and reflection on Islamic political, legal, ethical, and social philosophy. This book is both a magisterial historical synthesis and an illumination of the beliefs and practices of modern Islam. (World Religion)

In The Islamic Conception of Justice, Majid Khadduri, one of the world's preeminent authorities on Islamic justice and jurisprudence, presents his extensive study and reflection on Islamic political, legal, ethical, and social philosophy. This book is bot

Justice is one of the essential features of Islam. It has about considerably different responses in various comnnunities. We have discussed some of these responses and their theoretical foundations. The present study is divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the definition of justice in general. In view of the fact that Muslim philosophers had been influenced with Greek Philosophy, we have therefore delineated the concept of justice in Greek Philosophy. We have also discussed the meaning and significance of justice in Christianity. It has been done to clearly bring out the inverse relation between the two. Having retained the reformative, Islam has also propounded a different theory of justice which takes into account the reformative and the retributive both. The second chapter deals with the definition of justice in Islam and also describes the views on justice of the various schools of the early Islam. We have focused herein on the Khawarij, Murjia, Jabriya and Qadariyah. The third chapter deals with the justice explained in the later schools of Islamic Philosophy. We have deliberated here on the rationalistic point of view of indeterminism. Besides the Mutazilah we have also included Farabi as the representative of rationalist thinkers. It has been concluded on the discussion of orthodox Ashariyah determinism. With its representative thinkers, like, Baqilani, Al-Ghazzali, Abdu, etc. We have also discussed Shiah interpretation of justice which is an intermediary between the Mutazilah and the Ashariyah. The subsequent chapter discusses the modern Islamic philosophers who have deliberated on justice: such as, Shariati, Mutahhari and Qutb, etc. In the conclusion we have explained our point of view. The Purpose of the study is to bring out various point of views of important schools of Muslim Philosophy together and to make the assessment as to which of them has represented the basic idea of justice. The schools of Muslim Philosophy have worked either the influence of Greek philosophy or orthodox Islam. The Modern philosophers like Mutahhari and Shariati have emphasized the social significance of justice, and they have given their ideal method.

Meant for the general reader, this book gives a historical expose of the Western definitions of justice - mainly economic and social justice - from Plato to the modern day and compares it with the Islamic concept of justice. He draws upon the fundamental and central concepts of the Quran to the permanence and universality of that concept. He shows that the combination of adl (justice), qist (equity) and mizan (balance) goes towards creating that notion in comparison to the shifting definition of the Western conception which depends on which ideology is dominant.