Confocal Raman Microscopy

This second edition provides a cutting-edge overview of physical, technical and scientific aspects related to the widely used analytical method of confocal Raman microscopy. The book includes expanded background information and adds insights into how confocal Raman microscopy, especially 3D Raman imaging, can be integrated with other methods to produce a variety of correlative microscopy combinations. The benefits are then demonstrated and supported by numerous examples from the fields of materials science, 2D materials, the life sciences, pharmaceutical research and development, as well as the geosciences.

Confocal Raman Microscopy is a relatively new technique that allows chemical imaging without specific sample preparation. By integrating a sensitive Raman spectrometer within a state-of-the-art microscope, Raman microscopy with a spatial resolution down to 200nm laterally and 500nm vertically can be achieved using visible light excitation. Recent developments in detector and computer technology as well as optimized instrument design have reduced integration times of Raman spectra by orders of magnitude, so that complete images consisting of tens of thousands of Raman spectra can be acquired in seconds or minutes rather than hours, which used to be standard just one decade ago. The purpose of this book is to provide the reader a comprehensive overview of the rapidly developing field of Confocal Raman Microscopy and its applications.

Raman microscopy is now well-established as one of the most powerful and versatile techniques for a diverse range of applications in both research and analytical laboratories. Its unique advantage is its ability to noninvasively characterize chemically complex and spatially inhomogeneous samples with a sub-micron spatial resolution. Modern confocal Raman scanning microscopy, which allows one to obtain two- and three-dimensional spectrochemical images of samples in various states and forms, has become a method of choice for a wide range of applications including the study of biological cells, tissues, and microorganisms, characterization of pharmaceutical drugs and formulations, forensic evidence, minerals and gems, carbon nanomaterials, semiconductors, composite polymers, and more. This book presents the techniques of confocal Raman microscopy and imaging for researchers and engineers from a variety of disciplines. It highlights the key aspects of this technique in order to effectively apply it in practice. It will appeal to a wide circle of readers who are interested in, or are already, using the methods of confocal Raman microscopy and imaging in their work, and will also be beneficial for novice Raman microscopy users.

One of the first books devoted entirely to the subject of Raman microscopy, Raman Microscopy addresses issues of great interest to engineers working in Raman-microscope development and researchers concerned with areas ofapplication for this science. The book is written by several world recognized experts, who summarize the Raman effect before discussing the hardware and software involved in todays instruments. This format provides an excellent introduction to this up-and-coming discipline. All important applications, including those in materials science and earth science are covered in depth. Includes extensive description of the instrumentation, the Raman microspectrograph, the treatment of data, and micro-Raman imaging Examines the use of Raman microscopy in diverse applications, including some of the hyphenated methods Summarizes the Raman effect Discusses new uses for this technology

"Micro-Raman Spectroscopy introduces readers to the theory and application of Raman microscopy. Raman microscopy is used to study the chemical signature of samples with little preparation in a non-destructive manner. An easy to use technique with ever increasing technological advances, Micro-Raman has significant application for researchers in the fields of materials science, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and chemistry."--

The First Book on CRS Microscopy Compared to conventional Raman microscopy, coherent Raman scattering (CRS) allows label-free imaging of living cells and tissues at video rate by enhancing the weak Raman signal through nonlinear excitation. Edited by pioneers in the field and with contributions from a distinguished team of experts, Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy explains how CRS can be used to obtain a point-by-point chemical map of live cells and tissues. In color throughout, the book starts by establishing the foundation of CRS microscopy. It discusses the principles of nonlinear optical spectroscopy, particularly coherent Raman spectroscopy, and presents the theories of contrast mechanisms pertinent to CRS microscopy. The text then provides important technical aspects of CRS microscopy, including microscope construction, detection schemes, and data analyses. It concludes with a survey of applications that demonstrate how CRS microscopy has become a valuable tool in biomedicine. Due to its label-free, noninvasive examinations of living cells and organisms, CRS microscopy has opened up exciting prospects in biology and medicine—from the mapping of 3D distributions of small drug molecules to identifying tumors in tissues. An in-depth exploration of the theories, technology, and applications, this book shows how CRS microscopy has impacted human health and will deepen our understanding of life processes in the future.

This work covers principles of Raman theory, analysis, instrumentation, and measurement, specifying up-to-the-minute benefits of Raman spectroscopy in a variety of industrial and academic fields, and how to cultivate growth in new disciplines. It contains case studies that illustrate current techniques in data extraction and analysis, as well as over 500 drawings and photographs that clarify and reinforce critical text material. The authors discuss Raman spectra of gases; Raman spectroscopy applied to crystals, applications to gemology, in vivo Raman spectroscopy, applications in forensic science, and collectivity of vibrational modes, among many other topics.