Constructed Subsurface Wetlands

With a sharp focus on environmental pollution and its impact on life and nature, scientists and engineers have studied the water treatment effect of natural wetlands for many years, resulting in the development of constructed wetlands (CWs) for treating wastewater. This informative new book provides current information and guidance on the construction, performance, operation, and maintenance of subsurface flow constructed wetlands of domestic and municipal wastewater. The focus of the volume is to evaluate the performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands in treating domestic wastewater to establish the limit that can be safely discharged to agricultural drains. Two-step procedures were used for the preparation of this book. Using modeling and statistical analyses of treated water samples showed a significant difference between different media for the treatment of most pollutants. The authors went on to design artificial neural network models (ANNs) using Matlab software to simulate some of the experimental data and to anticipate the parameters of output concentration. The wetland systems have the ability to deal with various pollutants with different concentrations and to decrease the treated water to the standard limits. This volume presents the main role of emergent plants for treatment performance in the constructed wetlands and will be a very important resource for engineers in this field as well as for both undergraduate and graduate students.

Wetlands have been used for uncontrolled wastewater disposal for centuries. However, the change in attitude towards wetlands during the 1950s and 1960s caused the minimization of the use of natural wetlands for wastewater treatment (at least in developed countries). Constructed wetlands have been used for wastewater treatment for about forty years. Constructed wetland treatment systems are engineered systems that have been designed and constructed to utilize the natural processes for removal of pollutants. They are designed to take advantage of many of the same processes that occur in natural wetlands, but do so within a more controlled environment. The aim of this book is to summarize the knowledge on horizontal s- surface flow constructed wetlands (HF CWs) and objectively evaluate their treatment efficiency under various conditions. The information on this type of wastewater treatment technology is scattered in many publications but a comprehensive summary based on world-wide experience has been lacking. The book provides an extensive overview of this treatment technology around the world, including examples from more than 50 countries and examples of various types of wastewater treated in HF CWs.

Provides guidance in the selection, design, construction, and operation of subsurface flow constructed wetlands. The information is necessary, especially for small communities, where there has been considerable effort to construct and maintain treatment facilities cost-efficiently, capitalizing on the minimal energy requirements of this technology. Contents: factors capable of influencing performance expectations; design and construction considerations (calculating design require., recommended design and construction considerations); and operational considerations.

With a sharp focus on environmental pollution and its impact on life and nature, scientists and engineers have studied the water treatment effect of natural wetlands for many years, resulting in the development of constructed wetlands (CWs) for treating wastewater. This informative new book provides current information and guidance on the construction, performance, operation, and maintenance of subsurface flow constructed wetlands of domestic and municipal wastewater. The focus of the volume is to evaluate the performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands in treating domestic wastewater to establish the limit that can be safely discharged to agricultural drains. Two-step procedures were used for the preparation of this book. Using modeling and statistical analyses of treated water samples showed a significant difference between different media for the treatment of most pollutants. The authors went on to design artificial neural network models (ANNs) using Matlab software to simulate some of the experimental data and to anticipate the parameters of output concentration. The wetland systems have the ability to deal with various pollutants with different concentrations and to decrease the treated water to the standard limits. This volume presents the main role of emergent plants for treatment performance in the constructed wetlands and will be a very important resource for engineers in this field as well as for both undergraduate and graduate students.

Natural and constructed wetlands play a very important role within the landscape and their ecological services are highly valuable. Water management, including flood water retention, biomass production, carbon sequestration, wastewater treatment and as a biodiversity source are among the most important ecological services of wetlands. In order to provide these services, wetlands need to be properly evaluated, protected and maintained. This book provides results of the latest research in wetland science around the world. Chapters deal with such topics as the use of constructed wetlands for treatment of various types of wastewater, use of constructed wetlands in agroforestry, wetland hydrology and evapotranspiration, the effect of wetlands on landscape temperature, and chemical properties of wetland soils.

Artificial or constructed wetlands are an emerging technology particularly for tropical areas with water scarcity. For big cities, the sustainable management of water resources taking into account proper use is always challenging. The book presents case studies illustrating the above. As plants and microorganisms are a fundamental part of the correct functioning of these systems, their contribution to the degradation of the organic matter and to the removal and transformation of the pollutant compounds present in the wastewaters is also a highlight of this book.

This volume presents 17 contributions focusing on the potential, and use of, constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in cold climate areas. The central issues examined are the long-term experiences of such wetlands, optimum design to improve purification efficiency, the intensity of the critical processes of organic matter mineralization and nutrient retention during winter, and constructed wetland use for multiple purposes.