Context Conflict And Reasoning

​This volume brings together a group of philosophically oriented logicians and logic-minded philosophers, mainly from Asia, to address a variety of logical and philosophical topics, such as modal logic and related directions (e.g. temporal logic, epistemic logic, deontic logic, logic of conditionals, and modal proof theory), theory of truth, paradoxes, intentionality, and social networks. New approaches are also proposed, such as extended modal logic with planarity of graphs, extended branching time temporal logic with conditional operators, and a relational treatment of language and logical systems, to name but a few.Given the variety of topics and issues discussed here, the book will appeal to readers from a broad range of disciplines, from mathematical/philosophical logic, computing science, cognitive science and artificial intelligence, to linguistics, game theory and beyond.

The primary focus of this volume is to bring to the fore the contribution of McClendon and Smith's work on convictions and the application of that work in helping understand the processes of moral reasoning in the context of conflict. Both were indebted to Zuurdeeg, and their concept was incorporated in models of moral reasoning by Baptist scholars Glen Stassen and Parush Parushev. The usefulness of the concept is critically evaluated. The volume concludes with a case study on the conflict in Northern Ireland, including the role of religion and the key issues raised in the referendum on the Belfast Agreement in 1998. It includes an examination of the contribution of four Christian groups in Northern Ireland who publicly engaged in this six-week period of intense and passionate debate on the Agreement and the difficult issues it addressed, as the focus for examining and testing the application of the model of moral reasoning. On the basis of the case study is demonstrated that the concept of convictions can prove to be a helpful means of getting to the heart of what drives moral reasoning in contexts of conflict. The purpose of this book is to issue a call to engage with, critique, and consider the importance and application of a much undervalued methodological approach to discerning the convictions that are the primary influencers of thought and action.

Developing the Horizons of the Mind is the first book on Relational and Contextual Reasoning (RCR), a new theory of the human mind which powerfully addresses key areas of human conflict such as the ideological conflict between nations, the conflict in close relationships and the conflict between science and religion. K. Helmut Reich provides a clear and accessible introduction to the new RCR way of thinking that encourages people to adopt an inclusive rather than an oppositional approach to conflict and problem-solving.

Welcome to the proceedings of the 2005 IFIP International Conference on - bedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC 2005), which was held in Nagasaki, Japan, December 6–9, 2005. Embedded and ubiquitous computing is emerging rapidly as an exciting new paradigm to provide computing and communication services all the time, - erywhere. Its systems are now pervading every aspect of life to the point that they are hidden inside various appliances or can be worn unobtrusively as part of clothing and jewelry. This emergence is a natural outcome of research and technological advances in embedded systems, pervasive computing and c- munications, wireless networks, mobile computing, distributed computing and agent technologies, etc. Its tremendous impact on academics, industry, gove- ment, and daily life can be compared to that of electric motors over the past century, in fact it but promises to revolutionize life much more profoundly than elevators, electric motors or even personal computers. The EUC 2005 conference provided a forum for engineers and scientists in academia, industry, and government to address profound issues including te- nical challenges, safety, and social, legal, political, and economic issues, and to present and discuss their ideas, results, work in progress, and experience on all aspects of embedded and ubiquitous computing.

This book brings together international scholars of Islamic philosophy, theology and politics to examine these current major questions: What is the place of pluralism in the Islamic founding texts? How have sacred and prophetic texts been interpreted throughout major Islamic intellectual history by the Sunnis and Shi‘a? How does contemporary Islamic thought treat religious and political diversity in modern nation states and in societies in transition? How is pluralism dealt with in modern major and minor Islamic contexts? How does modern political Islam deal with pluralism in the public sphere? And what are the major internal and external challenges to pluralism in Islamic contexts? These questions that have become of paramount relevance in religious studies especially during the last three-four decades are answered as critically highlighted in Islamic founding sources, the formative classical sources and how it has been lived and practiced in past and present Islamic majority societies and communities around the world. Case studies cover Egypt, Turkey, Indonesia, and Thailand, besides various internal references to other contexts.

This book develops a logical analysis of dialogue in which two or more parties attempt to advance their own interests. It includes a classification of the major types of dialogues and a discussion of several important informal fallacies. The authors define the concept of commitment in a way that makes it useful in evaluating arguments. In traditional logic, a proposition is either true or false, and that is the end of it. In this new framework, an arguer can be held to his or her commitments in some cases, but in other cases, he or she can retract them without violating any rule of the dialogue. Commitment in Dialogue studies the conditions under which commitments should be held or may be retracted within an argument.

Based on a systematic and empirical comparative study of six European Union countries, Christel Querton explores judicial decision-making in the context of persons fleeing armed conflicts in the EU. Addressing and redressing misconceptions about the relevance of the Refugee Convention, this book demonstrates how appellate authorities across the EU approach situations of armed conflict predominantly through outdated understandings of warfare and territoriality. Thus, they apply a higher standard of proof than is warranted by international refugee law. Adopting a gender perspective, Querton also shows how appellate authorities fail to acknowledge the gender-differentiated impact of armed conflicts. Drawing from gender and security studies, this book proposes an original conceptual framework which, supported by existing international legal standards, reframes the definition of 'refugee' and better reflects the reality of violence in modern-day conflicts. In doing so, it re-asserts the Refugee Convention as the cornerstone of international protection.