Contradiction Set Free

First published in in 1976, Hermann Levin Goldschmidt's Contradiction Set Free, (Freiheit für den Widerspruch), reflects the push to explore new forms of critical thinking that gained momentum in the decade between Theodor Adorno's Negative Dialectics of 1966 and Paul Feyerabend's Against Method in 1975. The book articulates Goldschmidt's reclamation of an epistemologically critical position that acknowledges the deep underlying link between the modes of production of knowledge and the social and political life they produce. In signalling a breakout from the academic rut and its repressive hold, Goldschmidt pointed beyond the ossified methods of a philosophical discourse whose oppressive consequences could no longer be ignored.Contradiction Set Free makes available for the first time in English a pivotal work by one of the great critical thinkers of the 20th century.

According to the great mathematician Paul Erdös, God maintains perfect mathematical proofs in The Book. This book presents the authors candidates for such "perfect proofs," those which contain brilliant ideas, clever connections, and wonderful observations, bringing new insight and surprising perspectives to problems from number theory, geometry, analysis, combinatorics, and graph theory. As a result, this book will be fun reading for anyone with an interest in mathematics.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization, IPCO'99, held in Graz, Austria, in June 1999. The 33 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 99 submissions. Among the topics addressed are theoretical, computational, and application-oriented aspects of approximation algorithms, branch and bound algorithms, computational biology, computational complexity, computational geometry, cutting plane algorithms, diaphantine equations, geometry of numbers, graph and network algorithms, online algorithms, polyhedral combinatorics, scheduling, and semidefinite programs.

Sets: Naïve, Axiomatic and Applied is a basic compendium on naïve, axiomatic, and applied set theory and covers topics ranging from Boolean operations to union, intersection, and relative complement as well as the reflection principle, measurable cardinals, and models of set theory. Applications of the axiom of choice are also discussed, along with infinite games and the axiom of determinateness. Comprised of three chapters, this volume begins with an overview of naïve set theory and some important sets and notations. The equality of sets, subsets, and ordered pairs are considered, together with equivalence relations and real numbers. The next chapter is devoted to axiomatic set theory and discusses the axiom of regularity, induction and recursion, and ordinal and cardinal numbers. In the final chapter, applications of set theory are reviewed, paying particular attention to filters, Boolean algebra, and inductive definitions together with trees and the Borel hierarchy. This book is intended for non-logicians, students, and working and teaching mathematicians.

The Law of Non-Contradiction-that no contradiction can be true-has been a seemingly unassailable dogma since the work of Aristotle, in Book Gamma of the Metaphysics. It is an assumption challenged from a variety of angles in this collection of original papers. Twenty-three of the world's leading experts investigate the 'law', considering arguments for and against it and discussing methodological issues that arise whenever we question the legitimacy of logical principles. The result is a balanced inquiry into a venerable principle of logic, one that raises questions at the very centre of logic itself. The aim of this volume is to present a comprehensive debate about the Law of Non-Contradiction, from discussions as to how the law is to be understood, to reasons for accepting or re-thinking the law, and to issues that raise challenges to the law, such as the Liar Paradox, and a 'dialetheic' resolution of that paradox. One of the editors contributes an introduction which surveys the issues and serves to frame the debate. This collection will be of interest to anyone working on philosophical logic, and to anyone who has ever wondered about the status of logical laws and about how one might proceed to mount arguments for or against them.

This book is an introduction to the language and standard proof methods of mathematics. It is a bridge from the computational courses (such as calculus or differential equations) that students typically encounter in their first year of college to a more abstract outlook. It lays a foundation for more theoretical courses such as topology, analysis and abstract algebra. Although it may be more meaningful to the student who has had some calculus, there is really no prerequisite other than a measure of mathematical maturity.

In this book, the authors present both traditional and modern discoveries in the subject area, concentrating on advanced aspects of the topic. Existing material is studied in detail, including finitely generated modules, projective and injective modules, and the theory of torsion and torsion-free modules. Some topics are treated from a new point of view. Also included are areas not found in current texts, for example, pure-injectivity, divisible modules, uniserial modules, etc. Special emphasis is given to results that are valid over arbitrary domains. The authors concentrate on modules over valuation and Prüfer domains, but also discuss Krull and Matlis domains, h-local, reflexive, and coherent domains. The volume can serve as a standard reference book for specialists working in the area and also is a suitable text for advanced-graduate algebra courses and seminars.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2016, which took place in Eindhoven, The Netherlands, in April 2016, held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2016. The 44 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 175 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: abstraction and verification; probabilistic and stochastic systems; synthesis; tool papers; concurrency; tool demos; languages and automata; security; optimization; and competition on software verification – SV-COMP.