Culte Du N Eant

La vogue du bouddhisme fait oublier combien sa découverte par l'Occident est récente. L'Europe commence à entrevoir le Bouddha vers 1820 seulement. Les orientalistes assemblent alors assez vite les diverses pièces - mongoles, chinoises, indiennes, tibétaines... - de ce puzzle culturel. L'émergence d'un tel continent, jusqu'alors presque inconnu, commence par surprendre et par inquiéter.La plupart des philosophes allemands et français du XIXe siècle trouvent en effet dans le bouddhisme matière à épouvante. Ils y voient une religion où «l'homme doit se faire néant» (Hegel). Cette volonté de destruction, ce «culte du néant» (Victor Cousin), célébré par une «Eglise du nihilisme» (Renan), constituent une menace pour l'ordre établi. Dans l'imaginaire philosophique européen, le bouddhisme représente d'abord la négation de la vie, la destruction de soi. En retraçant l'histoire de la découverte du bouddhisme, Roger-Pol Droit écrit une page oubliée de l'histoire du nihilisme moderne.En effet, à propos de l'Asie bouddhiste, les textes de Schopenhauer ou de Nietzsche, de Gobineau ou de Renouvier décrivent l'Europe d'après la Révolution française. Finalement, c'est l'Occident qui imagine une religion de l'anéantissement au moment où lui-même découvre l'effondrement de ses valeurs, de ses hiérarchies traditionnelles. Le spectre de l'athéisme, les révoltes sociales, la montée de la haine raciale, le pessimisme sont au rendez-vous.Si nous pensons au temps présent en lisant cette enquête, n'est-ce pas que notre histoire s'est en partie préparée dans ce laboratoire méconnu de l'Occident, le culte du néant ?

The book provides a collection of scientific papers which are dedicated to the memory of Burkhard Mojsisch. The collection includes highly qualified papers on ancient, medieval and early modern philosophy, and demonstrates the importance of the historical research of philosophy at the beginning of the 21st century and its current trends. It documents historical aspects of important philosophical discussions of contemporaneity (e.g. in the fields of intercultural philosophy and interdisciplinary philosophy, such as philosophy of neuroscience). The authors are leading specialists of philosophy, especially of ancient and medieval philosophy. The collection includes papers in German, English, and French.

Japan, France is the first comprehensive history of the idea of Japan in France, as tracked through close readings of canonical French writers and thinkers from the 1860s to the present. The focus is literary and intellectual, the context cultural. The discovery of Japanese woodblock prints in Paris, following the opening of Japan to the West in 1854, was a startling aesthetic encounter that played a crucial role in the Impressionists' and Post-Impressionists' invention of Modernism. French writers also experimented with Japanese aesthetics in their own work, in ways that similarly thread into the foundations of literary Modernism. Japonisme (the practice of adapting Japanese aesthetics to creative work in the West) became a sustained French tradition, in texts by such writers as Zola and Proust through Barthes and Bonnefoy. Each generation discovered new Japanese arts and genres, commented on the work of their predecessors in this vein, and broke still more ground in East-West aesthetics to innovate in the forms of Western literature and thought. To read literary history in this way unsettles Eurocentric assumptions about many of the French writers who are commonly considered the

The nineteenth-century development -- and later consequences -- of the imagined relationship between ancient India and modern German culture.

Hosting the Stranger features ten powerful meditations on the theme of interreligious hospitality by eminent scholars and practitioners from the five different wisdom traditions: Jewish, Christian, Hindu, Buddhist and Islamic. By gathering thinkers from different religious traditions around the same timely topic of what it means to 'host the stranger,' this text enacts the hospitality it investigates, facilitating a hopeful and constructive dialogue between the world's major religions.

The idea of "world religions" expresses a vague commitment to multiculturalism. Not merely a descriptive concept, "world religions" is actually a particular ethos, a pluralist ideology, a logic of classification, and a form of knowledge that has shaped the study of religion and infiltrated ordinary language. In this ambitious study, Tomoko Masuzawa examines the emergence of "world religions" in modern European thought. Devoting particular attention to the relation between the comparative study of language and the nascent science of religion, she demonstrates how new classifications of language and race caused Buddhism and Islam to gain special significance, as these religions came to be seen in opposing terms-Aryan on one hand and Semitic on the other. Masuzawa also explores the complex relation of "world religions" to Protestant theology, from the hierarchical ordering of religions typical of the Christian supremacists of the nineteenth century to the aspirations of early twentieth-century theologian Ernst Troeltsch, who embraced the pluralist logic of "world religions" and by so doing sought to reclaim the universalist destiny of European modernity.