Current Sources Voltage References

Current Sources and Voltage References provides fixed, well-regulated levels of current or voltage within a circuit. These are two of the most important “building blocks “ of analog circuits, and are typically used in creating most analog IC designs. Part 1 shows the reader how current sources are created, how they can be optimized, and how they can be utilized by the OEM circuit designer. The book serves as a “must-have reference for the successful development of precision circuit applications. It shows practical examples using either BJTs, FETs, precision op amps, or even matched CMOS arrays being used to create highly accurate current source designs, ranging from nanoAmps to Amps. In each chapter the most important characteristics of the particular semiconductor type being studied are carefully reviewed. This not only serves as a helpful refresher for experienced engineers, but also as a good foundation for all EE student coursework, and includes device models and relevant equations. Part 2 focuses on semiconductor voltage references, from their design to their various practical enhancements. It ranges from the simple Zener diode to today’s most advanced topologies, including Analog Devices’ XFET® and Intersil’s FGATM (invented while this book was being written). Over 300 applications and circuit diagrams are shown throughout this easy-to-read, practical reference book. * Discusses how to design low-noise, precision current sources using matched transistor pairs. * Explains the design of high power current sources with power MOSFETs * Gives proven techniques to reduce drift and improve accuracy in voltage references.

A practical overview of CMOS circuit design, this book coversthe technology, analysis, and design techniques of voltagereference circuits. The design requirements covered followmodern CMOS processes, with an emphasis on low power, low voltage,and low temperature coefficient voltage reference design.Dedicating a chapter to each stage of the design process, theauthors have organized the content to give readers the tools theyneed to implement the technologies themselves. Readers will gain anunderstanding of device characteristics, the practicalconsiderations behind circuit topology, and potential problems witheach type of circuit. Many design examples are used throughout, most of which havebeen tested with silicon implementation or employed in real-worldproducts. This ensures that the material presented relevant to bothstudents studying the topic as well as readers requiring apractical viewpoint. Covers CMOS voltage reference circuit design, from the basicsthrough to advanced topics Provides an overview of basic device physics and differentbuilding blocks of voltage reference designs Features real-world examples based on actual siliconimplementation Includes analytical exercises, simulation exercises, andsilicon layout exercises, giving readers guidance and design layoutexperience for voltage reference circuits Solution manual available to instructors from the book’scompanion website This book is highly useful for graduate students in VLSI design,as well as practicing analog engineers and IC design professionals.Advanced undergraduates preparing for further study in VLSI willalso find this book a helpful companion text.

For newcomers cast into the waters to sink or swim as well as seasoned professionals who want authoritative guidance desk-side, this hefty volume updates the previous (1999) edition. It contains the work of expert contributors who rallied to the job in response to a committee's call for help (the committee was assigned to the update by the Electron

The foremost tutorial resource on the design of integrated voltage references, from theory to real-life practice. Voltage References covers the conceptual history and scope of practical design issues behind marketable and precision integrated voltage references. Effectual for professionals and understandable to novice designers, this book provides a familiarity with simple rudimentary design as well as precision state-of-the-art ones. Also covered are the design implications on SOC solutions, and low-voltage, low-power, and noisy mixed-signal environments. Enhanced with design examples, this volume will increase the reader's understanding of analog integrated circuits and the issues involved in producing commercially marketable and reliable devices. Primary topics include: The complete design of integrated voltage references Basics of voltage references, from diodes and current mirrors to temperature-dependent current references Design of zero-order, first-order, second-order, and higher-order reference circuits State-of-the-art curvature-correction techniques Practical design issues of integrated references, from error sources and circuit topologies to trimming circuits, package-shift effects, and characterization Voltage References is an essential book for IC designers, product engineers, test engineers, researchers, and professors, as well as undergraduate and graduate students.

Includes bibliographical references and index.