Cyber Physical Systems A Model Based Approach

In this concise yet comprehensive Open Access textbook, future inventors are introduced to the key concepts of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Using modeling as a way to develop deeper understanding of the computational and physical components of these systems, one can express new designs in a way that facilitates their simulation, visualization, and analysis. Concepts are introduced in a cross-disciplinary way. Leveraging hybrid (continuous/discrete) systems as a unifying framework and Acumen as a modeling environment, the book bridges the conceptual gap in modeling skills needed for physical systems on the one hand and computational systems on the other. In doing so, the book gives the reader the modeling and design skills they need to build smart, IT-enabled products. Starting with a look at various examples and characteristics of Cyber-Physical Systems, the book progresses to explain how the area brings together several previously distinct ones such as Embedded Systems, Control Theory, and Mechatronics. Featuring a simulation-based project that focuses on a robotics problem (how to design a robot that can play ping-pong) as a useful example of a CPS domain, Cyber-Physical Systems: A Model-Based Approach demonstrates the intimate coupling between cyber and physical components, and how designing robots reveals several non-trivial control problems, significant embedded and real-time computation requirements, and a need to consider issues of communication and preconceptions.

Model-based tools and methods are playing important roles in the design and analysis of cyber-physical systems before building and testing physical prototypes. The development of increasingly complex CPSs requires the use of multiple tools for different phases of the development lifecycle, which in turn depends on the ability of the supporting tools to interoperate. However, currently no vendor provides comprehensive end-to-end systems engineering tool support across the entire product lifecycle, and no mature solution currently exists for integrating different system modeling and simulation languages, tools and algorithms in the CPSs design process. Thus, modeling and simulation tools are still used separately in industry. The unique challenges in integration of CPSs are a result of the increasing heterogeneity of components and their interactions, increasing size of systems, and essential design requirements from various stakeholders. The corresponding system development involves several specialists in different domains, often using different modeling languages and tools. In order to address the challenges of CPSs and facilitate design of system architecture and design integration of different models, significant progress needs to be made towards model-based integration of multiple design tools, languages, and algorithms into a single integrated modeling and simulation environment. In this thesis we present the need for methods and tools with the aim of developing techniques for numerically stable co-simulation, advanced simulation model analysis, simulation-based optimization, and traceability capability, and making them more accessible to the model-based cyber physical product development process, leading to more efficient simulation. In particular, the contributions of this thesis are as follows: 1) development of a model-based dynamic optimization approach by integrating optimization into the model development process; 2) development of a graphical co-modeling editor and co-simulation framework for modeling, connecting, and unified system simulation of several different modeling tools using the TLM technique; 3) development of a tool-supported method for multidisciplinary collaborative modeling and traceability support throughout the development process for CPSs; 4) development of an advanced simulation modeling analysis tool for more efficient simulation.

Learn the State of the Art in Embedded Systems and Embrace the Internet of Things The next generation of mission-critical and embedded systems will be “cyber physical”: They will demand the precisely synchronized and seamless integration of complex sets of computational algorithms and physical components. Cyber-Physical Systems is the definitive guide to building cyber-physical systems (CPS) for a wide spectrum of engineering and computing applications. Three pioneering experts have brought together the field’s most significant work in one volume that will be indispensable for all practitioners, researchers, and advanced students. This guide addresses CPS from multiple perspectives, drawing on extensive contributions from leading researchers. The authors and contributors review key CPS challenges and innovations in multiple application domains. Next, they describe the technical foundations underlying modern CPS solutions—both what we know and what we still need to learn. Throughout, the authors offer guiding principles for every facet of CPS development, from design and analysis to planning future innovations. Comprehensive coverage includes Understanding CPS drivers, challenges, foundations, and emerging directions Building life-critical, context-aware, networked systems of medical devices Creating energy grid systems that reduce costs and fully integrate renewable energy sources Modeling complex interactions across cyber and physical domains Synthesizing algorithms to enforce CPS control Addressing space, time, energy, and reliability issues in CPS sensor networks Applying advanced approaches to real-time scheduling Securing CPS: preventing “man-in-the-middle” and other attacks Ensuring logical correctness and simplifying verification Enforcing synchronized communication between distributed agents Using model-integration languages to define formal semantics for CPS models Register your product at informit.com/register for convenient access to downloads, updates, and corrections as they become available.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Design, Modeling, and Evaluation of Cyber Physical Systems, CyPhy 2018 and 14th International Workshop on Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems Education, WESE 2018, held in conjunction with ESWeek 2018, in Torino, Italy, in October 2018.The 13 full papers presented together with 1 short paper in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 18 submissions. The conference presents a wide range of domains including Modeling, simulation, verification, design, cyber-physical systems, embedded systems, real-time systems, safety, and reliability.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Model-Based Design of Cyber Physical Systems, CyPhy 2019 and 15th International Workshop on Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems Education, WESE 2019, held in conjunction with ESWeek 2019, in New York City, NY, USA, in October 2019.The 13 full papers presented together in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. The conference presents a wide range of domains including models and design; simulation and tools; formal methods; embedded and cyber-physical systems education.

Offers a one-stop reference on the application of advanced modeling and simulation (M&S) in cyber physical systems (CPS) engineering This book provides the state-of-the-art in methods and technologies that aim to elaborate on the modeling and simulation support to cyber physical systems (CPS) engineering across many sectors such as healthcare, smart grid, or smart home. It presents a compilation of simulation-based methods, technologies, and approaches that encourage the reader to incorporate simulation technologies in their CPS engineering endeavors, supporting management of complexity challenges in such endeavors. Complexity Challenges in Cyber Physical Systems: Using Modeling and Simulation (M&S) to Support Intelligence, Adaptation and Autonomy is laid out in four sections. The first section provides an overview of complexities associated with the application of M&S to CPS Engineering. It discusses M&S in the context of autonomous systems involvement within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The second section provides a more detailed description of the challenges in applying modeling to the operation, risk and design of holistic CPS. The third section delves in details of simulation support to CPS engineering followed by the engineering practices to incorporate the cyber element to build resilient CPS sociotechnical systems. Finally, the fourth section presents a research agenda for handling complexity in application of M&S for CPS engineering. In addition, this text: Introduces a unifying framework for hierarchical co-simulations of cyber physical systems (CPS) Provides understanding of the cycle of macro-level behavior dynamically arising from spaciotemporal interactions between parts at the micro-level Describes a simulation platform for characterizing resilience of CPS Complexity Challenges in Cyber Physical Systems has been written for researchers, practitioners, lecturers, and graduate students in computer engineering who want to learn all about M&S support to addressing complexity in CPS and its applications in today’s and tomorrow’s world.

Multi-Paradigm Modelling for Cyber-Physical Systems explores modeling and analysis as crucial activities in the development of Cyber-Physical Systems, which are inherently cross-disciplinary in nature and require distinct modeling techniques related to different disciplines, as well as a common background knowledge. This book will serve as a reference for anyone starting in the field of CPS who needs a solid foundation of modeling, including a comprehensive introduction to existing techniques and a clear explanation of their advantages and limitations. This book is aimed at both researchers and practitioners who are interested in various modeling paradigms across computer science and engineering. Identifies key problems and offers solution approaches as well as tools which have been developed or are necessary for modeling paradigms across cyber physical systems Explores basic theory and current research topics, related challenges, and research directions for multi-paradigm modeling Provides a complete, conceptual overview and framework of the research done by the MPM4CPS working groups and the different types of modeling paradigms developed

This book provides a new perspective on modeling cyber-physical systems (CPS), using a data-driven approach. The authors cover the use of state-of-the-art machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms for modeling various aspect of the CPS. This book provides insight on how a data-driven modeling approach can be utilized to take advantage of the relation between the cyber and the physical domain of the CPS to aid the first-principle approach in capturing the stochastic phenomena affecting the CPS. The authors provide practical use cases of the data-driven modeling approach for securing the CPS, presenting novel attack models, building and maintaining the digital twin of the physical system. The book also presents novel, data-driven algorithms to handle non- Euclidean data. In summary, this book presents a novel perspective for modeling the CPS.