Democracy In Africa

This book provides the first comprehensive overview of Africa's history of democracy, grappling with important questions facing Africa today.

What conditions motivate a transition to democracy? Can the dynamics of a transition influence its outcome? Under what circumstances has democracy been consolidated in Africa? This trilogy of questions has become necessary in light of the current democratic wave engulfing Africa and the rest of the world. In examining the conditions that initiate democratic transitions, this book investigates the circumstances under which democracy movements have operated between 1980 and 1990. It concludes that, contrary to dominant democratic theory, the transitions to democracy in Africa have occurred under declining levels of development. With regard to transitions, the book recognizes that they have their own dynamics. Two main types of transitions are discerned: top-down and bottom-up. The book argues that in spite of the restrictive nature of top-down transitions, they offer a better opportunity for democratic consolidation because of the consensus between elites of the pro-democracy regime and their counterparts in the authoritarian regime, a condition that is normally absent under bottom-up transitions. Finally, relying on the cases of consolidated democracies, the book derives an African democracy model. The model delineates five main conditions that facilitate democratic consolidation, including good leadership, relevant political institutions, external support, civic space, and a reasonable level of development. It cautions, however, that these are not sufficient conditions, nor are all of them necessary. Since countries have unique historical circumstances, specific countries will have to combine conditions in the model that are relevant to that society to consolidate its democracy. The right combination will depend on the specific needs of the individual country.

Offers new research on the vital importance of institutions, such as presidential term-limits in the African democratisation processes.

A useful collection for students as the interest in the politics of ethnicity continues.

Questions surrounding democracy, governance, and development especially in the view of Africa have provoked acrimonious debates in the past few years. It remains a perennial question why some decades after political independence in Africa the continent continues experiencing bad governance, lagging behind socioeconomically, and its democracy questionable. We admit that a plethora of theories and reasons, including iniquitous and malicious ones, have been conjured in an attempt to explain and answer the questions as to why Africa seems to be lagging behind other continents in issues pertaining to good governance, democracy and socio-economic development. Yet, none of the theories and reasons proffered so far seems to have provided enduring solutions to Africa’s diverse complex problems and predicaments. This book dissects and critically examines the matrix of Africa’s multifaceted problems on governance, democracy and development in an attempt to proffer enduring solutions to the continent’s long-standing political and socio-economic dilemmas and setbacks.

Publisher Description

Democracy is an enigma in contemporary Africa. Although elements of democracy existed in African politics in the pre-colonial times, the European penetration and subsequent colonization provided the gateway for the prevalence of Western form of democracy with the practice of the parliamentary system. As each African state gained independence, beginning from the mid-twentieth century, political leaders mostly followed the Western democratic process. Africans now choose their leaders through electoral processes, but other pertinent factors make the full practice of democracy difficult. The purpose of Democracy in Africa is to assess the level of democratic practice and to identify and analyze the political changes and challenges facing African countries. Shortly after independence, many African nations experienced political turmoil through military intervention in politics, which directly suspended democratic process. The popular uprisings and crises in North Africa, mainly in Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia, bear testimony to the need for the implementation of democracy in these and other African countries. These events call for political leaders to adopt and respect democratic principles, concentrate on good governance, and promote political stability. Democracy in Africa is a novelty in its approach and depth of analysis. It adopts the Status of Democracy Index to measure the democratization process in selected African countries. The analyses in this book represent what operates elsewhere in Africa. This book is directed to the general public, undergraduate and graduate students of history, political science, and international studies. This book is part of the African World Series, edited by Toyin Falola, Jacob and Frances Sanger Mossiker Chair in the Humanities, University of Texas at Austin. "The idea that Africa's search for democratic governance is incomplete but alive is a truism for many Africanist scholars. This engaging book takes up that assertion and assesses it with examples from a range of African states. While the authors of the book employ a variety of theoretical approaches, they reach the same conclusion: the path of democratization in Africa must be "home-grown" and that outsiders can only help move the process forward. This book is a must read for anyone who wants to understand the dilemmas of political development in Africa." -- Eric E. Otenyo, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff "Yet another apposite contribution to ongoing discussions and analyses of African politics, history, and society in the twenty-first century -- particularly in light of recent events in Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, and Sudan. This book makes it resoundingly clear: African democracy and political participation have to be, and are indeed, homegrown. They have to be." -- 'BioDun J. Ogundayo, University of Pittsburgh, Bradford "Democracy in Africa: Political Changes and Challenges offers an insightful and interdisciplinary approach to the development and failure of democratic institutions in a breadth of African countries not found in any other scholarly work. By examining the struggle to establish -- and in some cases reestablish -- the political infrastructures and ideologies in large and small African states with different colonial, religious, and ethnic histories, this collection should be mandatory reading for anyone with an interest in the past, present, and future of African politics." -- Steven J. Salm, Xavier University of Louisiana

"The country-specific chapters serve to underline the differences between African democracy and liberal democracy, yet some authors are at pains to emphasize that whatever their limitations, African democracies are an advance over what had gone before." -- African Studies Review