Desalination By Reverse Osmosis

Pretreatment for Reverse Osmosis Desalination is a comprehensive reference on all existing and emerging seawater pretreatment technologies used for desalination. The book focuses on reverse osmosis membrane desalination, which at present is the most widely applied technology for the production of fresh drinking water from highly saline water sources (brackish water and seawater). Each chapter contains examples illustrating various pretreatment technologies and their practical implementation. Provides in-depth overview of the key theoretical concepts associated with desalination pre-treatment Gives insight into the latest trends in membrane separation technology Incorporates analytical methods and guidelines for monitoring pretreatment systems

Early applications of desalination were small-scale plants deploying a range of technologies. However with the technological developments in Reverse Osmosis, most new plants use this technology because it has a proven history of use and low energy and capital costs compared with other available desalination technologies. This has led to the recent trend for larger seawater desalination plants in an effort to further reduce costs, and 1000 MLD seawater desalination plants are projected by 2020. Efficient Desalination by Reverse Osmosis recognises that desalination by reverse osmosis has progressed significantly over the last decades and provides an up to date review of the state of the art for the reverse osmosis process. It covers issues that arise from desalination operations, environmental issues and ideas for research that will bring further improvements in this technology. Efficient Desalination by Reverse Osmosis provides a complete guide to best practice from pre-treatment through to project delivery. Editors: Stewart Burn, Visiting Scientist, CSIRO Manufacturing. Adjunct Professor, Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University. Adjunct Professor, Department of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University. Stephen Gray, Director, Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University.

The book assembles the latest research on new design techniques in water supplies using desalinated seawater. The authors examine the diverse issues related to the intakes and outfalls of these facilities. They clarify how and why these key components of the facilities impact the cost of operation and subsequently the cost of water supplied to the consumers. The book consists of contributed articles from a number of experts in the field who presented their findings at the "Desalination Intakes and Outfalls" workshop held at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Saudi Arabia in October, 2013. The book integrates coverage relevant to a wide variety of researchers and professionals in the general fields of environmental engineering and sustainable development.

The use of seawater desalination is an increasingly sought after alternative for new drinking water supplies in coastal areas, particularly as desalination becomes more economical. This new manual of practice parlays lessons learned from recent studies and global seawater desalination projects into guidance for desalination facilities that are reliable, economical, and environmentally sound. This new manual is specifically designed to help water utility managers and design engineers understand desalination–the technologies, the infrastructure, and the costs–to make informed decisions from planning through treatment plant construction. It explains environmental and ecological impacts of desalination plants, seawater intakes, and the disposal of concentrate discharges back into the ocean. Chapters describe the minerals and other constituents that determine source water quality and, therefore, treatment approaches.

Industrial desalination of sea and brackish water is becoming an essential part in providing sustainable sources of fresh water for a larger number of communities around the world. Desalination is a main source of fresh water in the Gulf countries, a number of the Caribbean and Mediterranean Islands, and several municipalities in a large number of countries. As the industry expands there is a pressing need to have a clear and well-written textbook that focuses on desalination fundamentals and other industrial aspects.This book focuses on the processes widely used in industry, which include multistage flash desalination and reverse osmosis. Also, other desalination processes with attractive features and high potential are featured. It includes a large number of solved examples, which are explained in simple and careful matter that allow the reader to follow and understand the development. The data used in the development of the examples and case studies are extracted from existing desalination plants.This title also includes comparisons of model predictions against results reported in literature as well as available experimental and industrial data. Several industries include similar unit operation processes, i.e., evaporators, condensers, flashing units, membrane separation, and chemical treatment. Examples of such industries include wastewater treatment, food, petroleum, petrochemical, power generation, and pulp and paper. Process fundamentals and design procedures of such unit processes follow the same procedures given in this textbook.

There has been an exponential increase in desalination capacity both globally and nationally since 1960, fueled in part by growing concern for local water scarcity and made possible to a great extent by a major federal investment for desalination research and development. Traditional sources of supply are increasingly expensive, unavailable, or controversial, but desalination technology offers the potential to substantially reduce water scarcity by converting the almost inexhaustible supply of seawater and the apparently vast quantities of brackish groundwater into new sources of freshwater. Desalination assesses the state of the art in relevant desalination technologies, and factors such as cost and implementation challenges. It also describes reasonable long-term goals for advancing desalination technology, posits recommendations for action and research, estimates the funding necessary to support the proposed research agenda, and identifies appropriate roles for governmental and nongovernmental entities.

1. REVERSE OSMOSIS BASIC CONCEPTS - 2. FEED WATER TYPE AND ANALYSIS - 3. RAW WATER REQUIREMENTS - 4. SEA WATER INTAKE - 5. SEA WATER DOSING SYSTEMS - 6. REVERSE OSMOSIS PRETREATMENT CONVENTIONAL PRETREATMENT - 7. REVERSE OSMOSIS PRETREATMENT MICROFILTRATION and ULTRAFILTRATION - 8. MATERIALS - 9. REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANES - 10. PRESSURE VESSELS AND RACKS - 11. REVERSE OSMOSIS PUMPS - 12. RECOVERY SYSTEMS - 13. REVERSE OSMOSIS RACKS CONTROL - 14. REVERSE OSMOSIS RACKS EQUIPMENT - 15. RACKS CLEANING SYSTEM and FLUSHING - 16. TREATED WATER CONDITIONING - 17. TREATED WATER DEPOSIT AND PUMPING - 18. NEUTRALIZATION, EFFLUENTS TREATMENT AND BRINE DISCHARGE - 19. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - 20. CONTROL SYSTEMS - 21. VARIOUS EQUIPMENT - 22. COST EVALUATION OF DESALINATION PLANTS - BISAC: 1: TEC005050 Technology & Engineering : Construction - HVAC 2: TEC009070 Technology & Engineering : Mechanical 3: TEC010030 Technology & Engineering : Environmental - Water Supply