Designer Vaccines

Designer Vaccines: Principles for Successful Prophylaxis seeks answers to these important questions and explores how immunological knowledge can be applied in the formulation and delivery of vaccines. Instead of focusing on the rating of existing vaccines, this forward-thinking text looks to how new vaccines can be developed and existing ones improved upon. The book provides sound immunological theory and fact as a basis for solving vaccine design problems. Beginning with a discussion of disease and immunity to infection, Designer Vaccines: Principles for Successful Prophylaxis describes how events leading to immunity following infection must be considered in the rational design of vaccines. It also introduces the mucosal immune system and considers the special requirements of oral vaccines. Both viral and bacterial vectors for vaccine delivery are reviewed in detail.

As well as being a reference for the design, analysis, and interpretation of vaccine studies, the text covers all design and analysis stages, from vaccine development to post-licensure surveillance, presenting likelihood, frequentists, and Bayesian approaches.

This volume provides a practical guide providing step-by-step protocol to design and develop vaccines for human diseases. Divided into three volumes, Volume 1: Vaccines for Human Diseases guides readers through an introductory section on future challenges for vaccinologists and the immunological mechanism of vaccines. Chapters focus on design of human vaccines for viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases as well as tumor vaccines. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and practical, Vaccine Design: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition, Volume 1: Vaccines for Human Diseases aims to be a useful practical guide to researchers to help further their study in this field.

When my interest was first drawn to the phenomenon of vaccination for virus diseases in the late 1930s, the state of the art and the science of vaccine design was not far advanced beyond the time of Jenner at the end of the 18th century and of Pasteur a century later. In the 1930s it was still believed that for the induction of immunity to a virus-caused disease the experience of infection was required, but not for a toxin-caused disease such as diphtheria or tetanus, for which a chemically detoxified antigen was effective for immu nization. This prompted the question as to whether it might be possible to produce a similar effect for virus diseases using nonreplicating antigens. When in the 1930s and 1940s it was found possible to propagate influenza viruses in the chick embryo, protective effects could be induced without the need to experience infection by the use of a sufficient dose of a noninfectious influenza virus preparation. Later in the 1940s, it became possible to propagate polio and other viruses in cultures of human and monkey tissue and to immunize against other virus diseases in the same way. Later, with the advent of the era of molecular biology and genetic engineering, antigens and vaccines could be produced in new and creative ways, using either replicating or nonreplicating forms of the appropriate antigens for inducing a dose-related protective state.

In this book, expert international authors critically review the current cutting-edge research in vaccine design and development. Particular emphasis is given to new approaches and technologies.

Vaccination is one of the most efficient and cost effective methods of promoting human health and has been in clinical use for at least 200 years. Nevertheless, infectious diseases continue to constitute a constant threat to the well being of humanity. Common pathogens, once believed to be under control, acquire increased virulence and resistance to drugs, while exotic microorganisms emerged from hidden reservoirs to cause yet incurable diseases in humans. These changes, together with epidemic outbreaks related to political and socio-economic instabilities, increase the needs for the development of new, advanced vaccines. In this volume, devoted to the proceedings of the 39th OHOLO Conference, we present some of the recent strategies for the design and production of novel vaccines. The advent of recombinant DNA technology has stimulated the production of several subunit vaccines. In spite of the obvious advantages to this approach, the limited immuno genicity of many subunit candidates has hindered their development. Strategies to enhance the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines is therefore critical. Several approaches toward this goal, including design of novel adjuvants and delivery systems as well as design of advantageous carriers, are presented here. Among the carriers evaluated here are polypep tides (flagellin, HBV core antigen, J3-galactosidase), attenuated virions (Vaccinia, Sindbis), and nonpathogenic licensed bacteria (Salmonella).

The role of vaccines is emerging and even critical to ending infectious and chronic diseases and pandemics alike. The design and development of new vaccines could lead to improved health. Handbook on Advanced Vaccination Technologies for Infectious and Chronic Disease discusses these new developments and introduces the reader to the current state of the science and the outlook going forward from the discovery of vaccines to the clinical trials of personalized vaccines. Handbook on Advanced Vaccination Technologies for Infectious and Chronic Diseases is a valuable reference for occupational health professionals whose role involves supervision of immunization programs such as those working in the National Health Service, some sectors of higher education and the pharmaceutical industry. Offers comprehensive coverage of different vaccine platforms and their development Includes information on the regulatory perspective of vaccine development Describes different delivery approaches for vaccinology Explains the clinical development of vaccines along with novel platforms Covers all recent developments of vaccine production technologies, new types of vaccines, and ongoing research that could prevent future pandemics

Human Vaccines: Emerging Technologies in Design and Development discusses the advances in molecular biology, biophysics, and informatics—among other disciplines—that have provided scientists with the tools to create new vaccines against emerging and re-emerging pathogens. For example, the virus-like particle technologies that led to licensing of highly efficacious HPV vaccines have only come into full realization in the last 10 years. Their success has, in turn, accelerated the pace with which nanoparticle vaccines are being developed Given the rapidity with which the field is changing and the absence of any text documenting this change, there is a need for a resource that surveys these new vaccine technologies, assesses their potential, and describes their applications. This book provides that resource and complements traditional vaccinology books, but also serves as an excellent standalone for researchers and students with basic knowledge in immunology. Introduces new topics in vaccine immunology in the context vaccine design and production Consolidates the growing body of knowledge on new vaccine technologies that have only emerged in the past 2 – 3 decades Reviews the currently licensed vaccines that have utilized leading-edge technologies and how this has translated into improved efficacy and safety Provides a broad overview of innovative vaccine technologies, including immunological aspects