Diet Immunity And Inflammation

Although inflammation is one of the body’s first responses to infection, overactive immune responses can cause chronic inflammatory diseases. Long-term low-grade inflammation has also been identified as a risk factor for other diseases. Diet, immunity and inflammation provides a comprehensive introduction to immunity and inflammation and the role that diet and nutrition play with regard to this key bodily response. Part one, an introductory section, discusses innate and adaptive immunity, mucosal immunity in a healthy gut and chronic inflammatory diseases and low grade inflammation. Chapters in part two highlight the role of micronutrients, including zinc, selenium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin D, in inflammation and immunity. Part three explores other dietary constituents and includes chapters on intestinal bacteria and probiotics, the impacts of prebiotics on the immune system and inflammation, and antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of food bioactive proteins and peptides. Further chapters explore the role of olive oil, short and long chain fatty acids and arginine and glutamine in immune functions. Nutrition, immunity and inflammation are discussed from an integrative and life course perspective in part four. Chapters focus on adverse immune reactions to foods, early nutritional programming, the impact of nutrition on the immune system during ageing, the impact of exercise on immunity and the interaction with nutrition, and the effect that malnutrition has on immunity and susceptibility to infection. With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Diet, immunity and inflammation is a comprehensive resource for those researching immunology or inflammation, nutrition scientists, and professionals in the food and nutrition industries who require an understanding of the effect that diet can have on the immune system and inflammation. Provides an overview of key research in the important and connected areas of inflammation, infection, overactive immune responses, diseases and diet Outlines the fundamentals of immunity and inflammation and reviews the effects of different food constituents Discusses important related issues, such as ageing and exercise

Supporting initiation, development and resolution of appropriate immune responses is key to survival. Many nutrients and dietary components have been purported to have a role in supporting optimal immune function. This is vital throughout the life course, from the development and programming of the immune system in early life, to supporting immunity and reducing chronic inflammation in older people. In this special issue of Nutrients, we examine the evidence for the role of diet and dietary components in promoting protective immunity.

Animal studies suggest that olive oil modulates immune function in vivo and ex vivo when fed at high levels. In contrast, consumption of an olive oil-rich diet by humans does not appear to bring about a general suppression of immune cell function, but may modulate levels of cellular and circulating inflammatory biomarkers. The lack of a clear effect of olive oil in humans may be attributable to the higher level of monounsaturated fat used in the animal studies. There is some evidence that the effects of olive oil on immune function in animal studies are due to oleic acid, but there is also growing evidence that the non-lipid fraction, containing polyphenolic components, may influence some aspects of immune function, particularly inflammation.

Vitamin A is required in the diet of all vertebrates, and is metabolized intracellularly to retinoic acid (RA), which is well known as a regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation. RA activates nuclear retinoid receptors and regulates a wide variety of genes. This chapter first discusses vitamin A nutrition and metabolism, and then how inflammation affects the metabolism of vitamin A compounds. Clinically, RA and several analogs are used in the treatment of skin disorders. Vitamin A deficiency is a risk factor for infectious disease. This chapter discusses the role of vitamin A in the immune system, especially in the regulation of T cell differentiation and in innate immunity.

It has been over 50years since Scrimshaw, Taylor and Gordon set out the bases for interpretation of synergistic and antagonistic interactions between malnutrition and infection. Any contemporary update must recognize emerging diseases such as HIV and re-emerging diseases such as tuberculosis. Genetic and epigenetic concepts and techniques have merged with the advance of technology in basic and applied immunity. Not only nutrient deficiencies, but also their excesses – including obesity and overweight – alter host defenses and risk of infections. Issues of vitamin D, host disease and infection, and interaction of the microbiome of fecal flora with the gut immune system represent two of the exciting contemporary departures.

If You have an inflammatory disorder, then You need to change your eating habits. Although medication and other therapies are necessary, many experts say it may be beneficial to follow an anti-inflammatory diet too. If You have, say, rheumatoid arthritis, it's not going to be a miracle fix to alter what's on your plate — but it may reduce the number of flare-ups You've got, or it may help push the pain down a few notches. An anti-inflammatory diet is widely considered safe, so it can help lower your chances of having other issues even if it doesn't help with your disease. Anti-inflammatory foods are those that would be recommended to eat by any conventional nutrition expert. This book has discussed: - Inflammation - What is an anti-inflammatory diet - How inflammation is interrelated with obesity and arthritis - What is an anti-inflammatory lifestyle - Foods that prevent inflammation and much more! If You want to improve your health by eating correctly then this is the right book for You! Don't wait any longer! Grab you copy now!

Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation which results in insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, vascular disease, chronic renal failure, several cancers and endocrine and behavioural abnormalities. The enlarged white adipocytes of the obese are now considered to be the initiators of chronic low-grade inflammation. Indeed, the gradual accumulation of triglycerides within adipocytes shifts their phenotype towards a pro-inflammatory one and at the same time accelerates their apoptosis. The hyperplastic white trunkal adipocytes of obesity produce large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute-phase proteins and chemokines which attract circulating monocytes into adipose tissue and induce their activation to macrophages which intensify further and expand the adipose tissue inflammation.

Immunity and Inflammation in Health and Disease: Emerging Roles of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods in Immune Support provides a comprehensive description of the various pathways by which the vertebrate immune system works, the signals that trigger immune response and how fnew and novel nutraceuticals and functional foods, can be used to contain inflammation and also to boost immunity and immune health. Inflammation is a tool to fight pathogens and the vertebrate immune system has a very complex network of cells to achieve this. However inflammation that goes awry is also the leding cause of several diseases ranging from cardiovascular diseases to diabetes. This book covers the entire gamut from the various cellular players in the inflammation-immune response to its ramifications in terms of protection against pathogens as well as in onset of metabolic, aging and auto-immune related diseases. Finally, the balancing role of dietary nutrients between host defence and immune support is also showcased. The first three scetions explain the various components of the immune system and their modes of activation. The fourth section deals with the ramifications of a robust and execessive inflammatory response. The fifth section is focused on the association between nutrition and immunity and how deficiencies in certain nutrients may affect immunocompetence. The sixth section chapters represent a vision of paradigm shifts within the field and discusses possible future directions. This bool will be a valuable reference for researchers studying immune health either in academia, or in the nutraceutical or functional food industries. Product developers in nutraceutical, supplement, functional food, and health food companies will also appreciate the information presented here. Conceptualizes the key features in natural products which can boost immune function and immune health Explains the intricate mechanistic aspects and balance behind immune health Presents the pathophysiology of several diseases associated with immune system disruption