Digital System Clocking

Provides the only up-to-date source on the most recent advances in this often complex and fascinating topic. The only book to be entirely devoted to clocking Clocking has become one of the most important topics in the field of digital system design A "must have" book for advanced circuit engineers

Electronic Digital Systems Fundamentals, 2nd Edition is an introductory text that provides coverage of the various topics in the field of digital electronics. The key concepts presented in this book are discussed using a simplified approach that greatly enhances learning. The use of mathematics is kept to the very minimum and is discussed clearly through applications and illustrations. Each chapter is organized in a step-by-step progression of concepts and theory. The chapters begin with an introduction, discuss important concepts with the help of numerous illustrations, as well as examples, and conclude with summaries. The overall learning objectives of this book include: Describe the characteristics of a digital electronic system. Explain the operation of digital electronic gate circuits. Demonstrate how gate functions are achieved. Use binary, octal, and hexadecimal counting systems. Use Boolean algebra to define different logic operations. Change a logic diagram into a Boolean expression and a Boolean expression into a logic diagram. Explain how discrete components are utilized in the construction of digital integrated circuits. Discuss how counting, decoding, multiplexing, demultiplexing, and clocks function with logic devices. Change a truth table into a logic expression and a logic expression into a truth table. Identify some of the common functions of digital memory. Explain how arithmetic operations are achieved with digital circuitry. Describe the operation of microcontrollers.

If you need an in-depth understanding of the digital clock technologies used in building today's telecommunications networks, this authoritative and practical book is a smart choice. Providing you with critical details on the PLL (phase-locked Loop) technique for clock synchronization and generation, and the DDS (direct digital synthesizer) technique for clock generation, the book helps you achieve synchronization in high-speed networks and frequency stabilization in portable equipment.

Today’s networks of processors on and off chip, operating with independent clocks, need effective synchronization of the data passing between them for reliability. When two or more processors request access to a common resource, such as a memory, an arbiter has to decide which request to deal with first. Current developments in integrated circuit processing are leading to an increase in the numbers of independent digital processing elements in a single system. With this comes faster communications, more networks on chip, and the demand for more reliable, more complex, and higher performance synchronizers and arbiters. Written by one of the foremost researchers in this area of digital design, this authoritative text provides in-depth theory and practical design solutions for the reliable working of synchronization and arbitration hardware in digital systems. The book provides methods for making real reliability measurements both on and off chip, evaluating some of the common difficulties and detailing circuit solutions at both circuit and system levels. Synchronization and Arbitration in Digital Systems also presents: mathematical models used to estimate mean time between failures in digital systems; a summary of serial and parallel communication techniques for on-chip data transmission; explanations on how to design a wrapper for a locally synchronous cell, highlighting the issues associated with stoppable clocks; an examination of various types of priority arbiters, using signal transition graphs to show the specification of different designs (from the simplest to more complex multi-way arbiters) including ways of solving problems encountered in a wide range of applications; essential information on systems composed of independently timed regions, including a discussion on the problem of choice and the factors affecting the time taken to make choices in electronics. With its logical approach to design methodology, this will prove an invaluable guide for electronic and computer engineers and researchers working on the design of digital electronic hardware. Postgraduates and senior undergraduate students studying digital systems design as part of their electronic engineering course will struggle to find a resource that better details the information given inside this book

Synchronization is one of the important issues in digital system design. While other approaches have always been intriguing, up until now synchro nous operation using a common clock has been the dominant design philo sophy. However, we have reached the point, with advances in technology, where other options should be given serious consideration. This is because the clock periods are getting much smaller in relation to the interconnect propagation delays, even within a single chip and certainly at the board and backplane level. To a large extent, this problem can be overcome with care ful clock distribution in synchronous design, and tools for computer-aided design of clock distribution. However, this places global constraints on the design, making it necessary, for example, to redesign the clock distribution each time any part of the system is changed. In this book, some alternative approaches to synchronization in digital sys tem design are described and developed. We owe these techniques to a long history of effort in both digital system design and in digital communica tions, the latter field being relevant because large propagation delays have always been a dominant consideration in design. While synchronous design is discussed and contrasted to the other techniques in Chapter 6, the dom inant theme of this book is alternative approaches.

. . . ????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ????????????,????? ???? ??????????? ???????????????????? ???. THUCYDIDIS HISTORIAE IV:108 C. Hude ed. , Teubner, Lipsiae MCMXIII ???????????,????? ??,? ????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?’ ?????????? ??’ ?????????? ? ??????? ??? ????????????? ???????. ???????????????????:108 ???????????? ?????????????????????? ?. ?????????????. ????????????,????? It being the fashion of men, what they wish to be true to admit even upon an ungrounded hope, and what they wish not, with a magistral kind of arguing to reject. Thucydides (the Peloponnesian War Part I), IV:108 Thomas Hobbes Trans. , Sir W. Molesworth ed. In The English Works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Vol. VIII I have been introduced to clock design very early in my professional career when I was tapped right out of school to design and implement the clock generation and distribution of the Alpha 21364 microprocessor. Traditionally, Alpha processors - hibited highly innovative clocking systems, always worthy of ISSCC/JSSC publi- tions and for a while Alpha processors were leading the industry in terms of clock performance. I had huge shoes to ?ll. Obviously, I was overwhelmed, confused and highly con?dent that I would drag the entire project down.

Embedded systems are today, widely deployed in just about every piece of machinery from toasters to spacecraft. Embedded system designers face many challenges. They are asked to produce increasingly complex systems using the latest technologies, but these technologies are changing faster than ever. They are asked to produce better quality designs with a shorter time-to-market. They are asked to implement increasingly complex functionality but more importantly to satisfy numerous other constraints. To achieve the current goals of design, the designer must be aware with such design constraints and more importantly, the factors that have a direct effect on them.One of the challenges facing embedded system designers is the selection of the optimum processor for the application in hand; single-purpose, general-purpose or application specific. Microcontrollers are one member of the family of the application specific processors.The book concentrates on the use of microcontroller as the embedded system?s processor, and how to use it in many embedded system applications. The book covers both the hardware and software aspects needed to design using microcontroller.The book is ideal for undergraduate students and also the engineers that are working in the field of digital system design.Contents• Preface;• Process design metrics;• A systems approach to digital system design;• Introduction to microcontrollers and microprocessors;• Instructions and Instruction sets;• Machine language and assembly language;• System memory; Timers, counters and watchdog timer;• Interfacing to local devices / peripherals;• Analogue data and the analogue I/O subsystem;• Multiprocessor communications;• Serial Communications and Network-based interfaces.