Direct Injection Systems

Direct Injection Systems: The Next Decade in Engine Technology explores potentials that have been recognized and successfully applied, including fuel direct injection, fully variable valve control, downsizing, operation within hybrid scenarios, and use of alternative fuels.

This book covers the latest global technical initiatives in the rapidly progressing area of gasoline direct injection (GDI), spark-ignited gasoline engines and examines the contribution of each process and sub-system to the efficiency of the overall system. Including discussions, data, and figures from many technical papers and proceedings that are not available in the English language, Automotive Gasoline Direct Injection Systems will prove to be an invaluable desk reference for any GDI subject or direct-injection subsystem that is being developed worldwide.

The process of fuel injection, spray atomization and vaporization, charge cooling, mixture preparation and the control of in-cylinder air motion are all being actively researched and this work is reviewed in detail and analyzed. The new technologies such as high-pressure, common-rail, gasoline injection systems and swirl-atomizing gasoline fuel injections are discussed in detail, as these technologies, along with computer control capabilities, have enabled the current new examination of an old objective; the direct-injection, stratified-charge (DISC), gasoline engine. The prior work on DISC engines that is relevant to current GDI engine development is also reviewed and discussed. The fuel economy and emission data for actual engine configurations have been obtained and assembled for all of the available GDI literature, and are reviewed and discussed in detail. The types of GDI engines are arranged in four classifications of decreasing complexity, and the advantages and disadvantages of each class are noted and explained. Emphasis is placed upon consensus trends and conclusions that are evident when taken as a whole; thus the GDI researcher is informed regarding the degree to which engine volumetric efficiency and compression ratio can be increased under optimized conditions, and as to the extent to which unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), NOx and particulate emissions can be minimized for specific combustion strategies. The critical area of GDI fuel injector deposits and the associated effect on spray geometry and engine performance degradation are reviewed, and important system guidelines for minimizing deposition rates and deposit effects are presented. The capabilities and limitations of emission control techniques and after treatment hardware are reviewed in depth, and a compilation and discussion of areas of consensus on attaining European, Japanese and North American emission standards presented. All known research, prototype and production GDI engines worldwide are reviewed as to performance, emissions and fuel economy advantages, and for areas requiring further development. The engine schematics, control diagrams and specifications are compiled, and the emission control strategies are illustrated and discussed. The influence of lean-NOx catalysts on the development of late-injection, stratified-charge GDI engines is reviewed, and the relative merits of lean-burn, homogeneous, direct-injection engines as an option requiring less control complexity are analyzed.

The proceedings of a seminar organised by the Combustion Engines Group of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, held at the Institute of Mechanical Engineers in October 1989.

Despite being developed more than 100 years ago, the diesel engine has yet to achieve mass acceptance in the North American passenger car sector. In most other parts of the world, however, diesel engines have made considerable strides due in part to the common rail fuel injection system. Significant fuel economy, reduced exhaust emissions, invincible low-speed torque, and all-around good drivability are a few of the benefits associated with common rail technology, which are covered in-depth in Diesel Common Rail and Advanced Fuel Injection Systems.

Greg Banish takes his best-selling title, Engine Management: Advanced Tuning, one step further as he goes in-depth on the combustion basics of fuel injection as well as benefits and limitations of standalone. Learn useful formulas, VE equation and airflow estimation, and more. Also covered are setups and calibration, creating VE tables, creating timing maps, auxiliary output controls, start to finish calibration examples with screen shots to document the process. Useful appendixes include glossary and a special resources guide with standalone manufacturers and test equipment manufacturers

Fuel Injection Systems addresses key issues in fuel delivery and associated technologies which are evolving faster than ever. The rapid technological change has reduced product life cycles resulting in rapid evolution of design and development methods to enable timely delivery of increasingly complex technology. This is vital as the demands on engines are increasingly stringent, especially in the field of emissions, new fuel injection systems are being developed to meet these challenges, not only in passenger cars but also for heavy duty as well as large engine applications. This volume brings together international contributions from the leading experts in industry and the latest research from academia to provide a comprehensive update to all those working in design, development, and manufacturing of fuel injection systems. Contents include: Emission reduction with advanced two-actuator EUI for heavy-duty diesel engines Investigation of a two valve electronically controlled unit injector on a Euro IV heavy duty diesel engine using design of experiment methods Characterization of in-cylinder fuel distribution from an air-assisted fuel injection system using advanced laser diagnostics High contact stress applications of a silicon nitride in modern diesel engines The use of the HLMI (hydraulic leak measurement unit) Komatsu STA 6DI40 water emulsified fuel engine Timely control of diesel combustion using water injection

The call for environmentally compatible and economical vehicles necessitates immense efforts to develop innovative engine concepts. Technical concepts such as gasoline direct injection helped to save fuel up to 20 % and reduce CO2-emissions. Descriptions of the cylinder-charge control, fuel injection, ignition and catalytic emission-control systems provides comprehensive overview of today ́s gasoline engines. This book also describes emission-control systems and explains the diagnostic systems. The publication provides information on engine-management-systems and emission-control regulations.