Diseases Of The Thyroid

This book is an up-to-date and comprehensive guide to all the common thyroid disorders that may be seen by internists, endocrinologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and endocrine surgeons. While the fundamentals of thyroid hormone function and regulation in health and disease are well covered, the primary focus is on the clinical approach to thyroid disease, with detailed coverage of both initial diagnosis and management and the role of imaging. Because most endocrine diseases are chronic and lifelong, special emphasis is placed on long-term management and the common pitfalls that may be encountered by the clinician. The editors are internationally acknowledged leaders in the field of thyroid disease and have gathered an outstanding team of authors, all of whom are also highly expert in their respective areas, but who, equally importantly, write in a clear and lucid style. The numerous isotope scan and ultrasonographic images ensure that the book will serve as a valuable reference atlas to which the physician will return again and again.

This book provides comprehensive knowledge about thyroid gland and highlights the recent trends in the management of thyroid dysfunctions. Thyroid disorders are amongst the most prevalent of medical conditions possibly after diabetes. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in adults in the general population ranges from 1 to 10 percent, and is even higher in selected groups. In the United Kingdom, 1–2% of the adult population is found to have thyroid dysfunction. It is interesting to note that thyroxin is the sixth most commonly dispensed drug in Scotland. Virtually all studies report higher prevalence rates for hypothyroidism in women and with advancing age. Abnormal thyroid functions have important public health consequences. Suppressed TSH levels have been associated with decreased bone density and with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation and premature atrial beat. It has been known for decades that overt hypothyroidism contributes to elevated serum cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk and recent studies suggest this may also be true with subclinical hypothyroidism​.

In this second edition of his popular and widely acclaimed book, Lewis Braverman and a panel of international authorities have thoroughly updated and revised the first edition with fresh perspectives, many new authors, and the latest scientific and clinical developments in thyroid disease. New to this edition are the clinical relevance of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), broad coverage of autoimmune thyroid disease, and expanded coverage of thyroid cancer, including recombinant human TSH. Other chapters discuss such important topics as thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum, thyroid disease in children and the elderly, the evaluation and management of nodular goiter, the worldwide problem of iodine deficiency and its eradication, and environmental goitrogens. Authoritative and up-to-date, Diseases of the Thyroid, Second Edition, provides internists, family physicians, obstetricians and gynecologists, and endocrinologists alike with a highly readable guide not only to understanding thyroid disorders, but also to their optimal clinical management.

In recent years, the clinical evolution of thyroid diseases has been studied exhaustively as new discoveries have been made about thyroid malfunction and the effective management of patients. Thyroid Diseases presents a comprehensive exposition of a range of disorders caused by thyroid dysfunction. With contributions by well-known experts in the field, the book is the first compendium in several decades to assemble a vast amount of data and research into one volume. Following a methodological format, each chapter explores a different malady or condition. After defining the dysfunction or disease, the text presents the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, first and second level tests for diagnosis, first and second line therapies, prognosis, and recommendations for follow-up. Highlighted topics include: Transient forms of hyper- and hypothyroidism Subclinical hyper- and hypothyroidism Thyroid dysfunction during gestation and postpartum The influence of iodine on the thyroid during pregnancy The importance of drugs that modify thyroid function Thyroid disrupters that affect thyroid homeostasis The bimodal and/or transient development of some thyroid diseases The evolution of diagnosis, priorities of therapies, and lifelong monitoring of patients All of the contributors to this text pursued long periods of training in elite research laboratories. They are active investigators and well known in the international arena. The information presented in this volume is invaluable for practicing clinicians and those training in internal medicine, endocrinology, surgery, and other areas of medicine.

When the Medicare program was established in 1965, it was viewed as a form of financial protection for the elderly against catastrophic medical expenses, primarily those related to hospitalization for unexpected illnesses. The first expansions to the program increased the eligible population from the retired to the disabled and to persons receiving chronic renal dialysis. It was not until 1980 that an expansion of services beyond those required "for the diagnosis or treatment of illness or injury or to improve the functioning of a malformed body member" was included in Medicare. These services, known as preventive services, are intended either to prevent disease (by vaccination) or to detect disease (by diagnostic test) before the symptoms of illness appear. A Committee was formed "to conduct a study on the addition of coverage of routine thyroid screening using a thyroid stimulating hormone test as a preventive benefit provided to Medicare beneficiaries under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act for some or all Medicare beneficiaries."

In 1956, three groups independently reported evidence that some thyroid disease appearing spontaneously in humans or experimentally induced in animals are related to autoimmune processes. The interval between these landmark discoveries and the present has witnessed a remarkable and continuing growth of both knowledge and concepts concerning the mechanisms of immune regulation, the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases, and their clinical and laboratory manifestations. More importantly knowledge of thyroid autoimmunity has, in many respects, comprised the vanguard of an ever increasing appreciation and understanding of autoimmune diseases in general. On November 24-26 1986, an International Symposium on Thyroid Autoimmunity was held in Pisa. Its purpose was to commemorate the birth of thyroid autoimmunity as a scientific discipline, to summarize current knowledge and concepts in this area, and where possible, to anticipate areas of opportunity for the future - hence the theme of the Symposium, Memories and Perspectives. To open the meeting, the Magnifico Rettore (Chancellor) of the University of Pisa granted special Awards to Dr. Deborah Doniach, Dr. Ivan Roitt, and Dr. Noel R. Rose, who published the first fundamental studies in the field of thyroid autoimmunity, and to Dr. Duncan G. Adams, whose discovery of the long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) opened the door to our current understanding of the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. During the meeting thirty plenary lectures were presented.

This book presents the latest advances in knowledge of the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases and describes the state of the art in their diagnosis and treatment, including newly emerging management approaches. After an opening section that addresses thyroid physiology and laboratory evaluation, each of the major thyroid diseases and their subtypes is discussed, covering goiter and thyroid nodule, thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis, and thyroid carcinoma. Other conditions that affect thyroid function or induce thyroid dysfunction are also considered, e.g., pregnancy, non-thyroidal disorders, and medication use. The book is designed to assist practitioners to achieve optimal outcomes in clinical routine by providing clear guidance on clinical examination, the use of diagnostic tests, first- and second-line therapies, and follow-up. Chapter have been written by recognized experts in the field.

Epidemiology of Thyroid Disorders provides comprehensive, clinical knowledge to professionals dealing with thyroid disorders. The book focuses on the pathophysiology of thyroid disorders, the prevalence and incidence of various diseases, and their prevention. This focused analysis on thyroid disorders raises awareness of this global problem that, once diagnosed or misdiagnosed, can sometimes lead to over-treatment and cardiovascular complications, especially in the elderly. This succinct, targeted reference gives the reader excellent information on the epidemiology of global thyroid disorders, as well as up-to-date treatment data and a special focus on prevention. Serves as a starting point for medical professionals, addressing the patterns, risk factors, prevention, and treatment of thyroid disorders around the world Discusses the prevalence of thyroid disorders around the world, covering disability and cost burden Covers recent trends, technologies and advancements in the management of thyroid diseases