Distillation Principles And Processes

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Excerpt from Distillation Principles and Processes The volume on "Fractional Distillation" was written in the hope that it would be of assistance to chemists in overcoming the difficulties so frequently met with in the laboratory, not only in the actual carrying out of the fractional distillation of a complex mixture but also in the interpretation of the results obtained. The last copy was sold shortly after the declaration of war, and the question then arose whether a revised second edition of the book in its original form should be published. It was thought, however, by the Publishers that it would be wiser to extend the scope of the work so as to include distillation on the large scale as carried out in the manufacture of important products. That this change in the character of the book was really advisable became more and more evident as the war increased in intensity and magnitude, because of the immense importance of such materials as acetone, toluene, petrol, glycerine, and so on, the production of which involved processes of distillation on an enormous scale, and for some of which new sources or methods of formation had to be sought and investigated. It was obvious that the larger book could only be of real value if the sections on manufacturing processes were written by chemists thoroughly conversant with the various subjects dealt with, and it was eventually decided that I should edit the book if I could secure the co-operation of experts in the different branches of manufacture. In these preliminary negotiations I received most valuable assistance from my friends, Professor F. E. Francis, D.Sc, Ph.D., and Professor W. E. Adeney, D.Sc, and my sincere thanks are especially due to Professor Francis for the great interest he has taken in the production of the book. Unfortunately the heavy pressure of work entailed on all chemists by the war caused serious delay in commencing the book, and progress has necessarily been slow. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Distillation Principles and Practice Second Edition covers all the main aspects of distillation including the thermodynamics of vapor/liquid equilibrium, the principles of distillation, the synthesis of distillation processes, the design of the equipment, and the control of process operation. Most textbooks deal in detail with the principles and laws of distilling binary mixtures. When it comes to multi-component mixtures, they refer to computer software nowadays available. One of the special features of the second edition is a clear and easy understandable presentation of the principles and laws of ternary distillation. The right understanding of ternary distillation is the link to a better understanding of multi-component distillation. Ternary distillation is the basis for a conceptual process design, for separating azeotropic mixtures by using an entrainer, and for reactive distillation, which is a rapidly developing field of distillation. Another special feature of the book is the design of distillation equipment, i.e. tray columns and packed columns. In practice, empirical know-how is preferably used in many companies, often in form of empirical equations, which are not even dimensionally correct. The objective of the proposed book is the derivation of the relevant equations for column design based on first principles. The field of column design is permanently developing with respect to the type of equipment used and the know-how of two-phase flow and interfacial mass transfer.

A completely thorough and up-to-date guide to modern distillation methods and their applications Distillation has been used for separating liquid mixtures for more than two thousand years, and it continues to be the most widely used separation technique in key industries throughout the industrialized world. Although the basic principles have remained the same since the days of the ancient Egyptians, new distillation and distillation control methods continue to be developed to satisfy a variety of highly specialized requirements. Encyclopedic in scope, this book provides distillation technicians with a uniquely comprehensive, up-to-date account of distillation methods currently employed in the oil, petrochemical, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. The authors begin by acquainting readers with the principles of vapor-liquid equilibrium and the essential calculations for determining phase equilibria and equilibrium curves. Subsequent chapters are devoted to practical discussions of virtually all modern distillation methods, including batch, single stage, multistage continuous, multistage batch, and others. A wide array of industrial applications are described, including everything from crude oil distillation and argon recovery from air to water purification and ammonia recovery from wastewater. Special sections deal with the separation of azeotropic mixtures and the energy demand of distillation processes. Concluding chapters are devoted to detailed, extremely well illustrated descriptions of practical equipment design and modern distillation control methods. Distillation: Principles and Practice is an indispensable working resource for distillation technicians working in the oil, petrochemical, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries.