Domain Adaptation For Visual Understanding

This unique volume reviews the latest advances in domain adaptation in the training of machine learning algorithms for visual understanding, offering valuable insights from an international selection of experts in the field. The text presents a diverse selection of novel techniques, covering applications of object recognition, face recognition, and action and event recognition. Topics and features: reviews the domain adaptation-based machine learning algorithms available for visual understanding, and provides a deep metric learning approach; introduces a novel unsupervised method for image-to-image translation, and a video segment retrieval model that utilizes ensemble learning; proposes a unique way to determine which dataset is most useful in the base training, in order to improve the transferability of deep neural networks; describes a quantitative method for estimating the discrepancy between the source and target data to enhance image classification performance; presents a technique for multi-modal fusion that enhances facial action recognition, and a framework for intuition learning in domain adaptation; examines an original interpolation-based approach to address the issue of tracking model degradation in correlation filter-based methods. This authoritative work will serve as an invaluable reference for researchers and practitioners interested in machine learning-based visual recognition and understanding.

Solving problems with deep neural networks typically relies on massive amounts of labeled training data to achieve high performance/b>. While in many situations huge volumes of unlabeled data can be and often are generated and available, the cost of acquiring data labels remains high. Transfer learning (TL), and in particular domain adaptation (DA), has emerged as an effective solution to overcome the burden of annotation, exploiting the unlabeled data available from the target domain together with labeled data or pre-trained models from similar, yet different source domains. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of such DA/TL methods applied to computer vision, a field whose popularity has increased significantly in the last few years. We set the stage by revisiting the theoretical background and some of the historical shallow methods before discussing and comparing different domain adaptation strategies that exploit deep architectures for visual recognition. We introduce the space of self-training-based methods that draw inspiration from the related fields of deep semi-supervised and self-supervised learning in solving the deep domain adaptation. Going beyond the classic domain adaptation problem, we then explore the rich space of problem settings that arise when applying domain adaptation in practice such as partial or open-set DA, where source and target data categories do not fully overlap, continuous DA where the target data comes as a stream, and so on. We next consider the least restrictive setting of domain generalization (DG), as an extreme case where neither labeled nor unlabeled target data are available during training. Finally, we close by considering the emerging area of learning-to-learn and how it can be applied to further improve existing approaches to cross domain learning problems such as DA and DG.

Domain adaptation is an active, emerging research area that attempts to address the changes in data distribution across training and testing datasets. With the availability of a multitude of image acquisition sensors, variations due to illumination, and viewpoint among others, computer vision applications present a very natural test bed for evaluating domain adaptation methods. In this monograph, we provide a comprehensive overview of domain adaptation solutions for visual recognition problems. By starting with the problem description and illustrations, we discuss three adaptation scenarios namely, (i) unsupervised adaptation where the "source domain" training data is partially labeled and the "target domain" test data is unlabeled, (ii) semi-supervised adaptation where the target domain also has partial labels, and (iii) multi-domain heterogeneous adaptation which studies the previous two settings with the source and/or target having more than one domain, and accounts for cases where the features used to represent the data in each domain are different. For all these topics we discuss existing adaptation techniques in the literature, which are motivated by the principles of max-margin discriminative learning, manifold learning, sparse coding, as well as low-rank representations. These techniques have shown improved performance on a variety of applications such as object recognition, face recognition, activity analysis, concept classification, and person detection. We then conclude by analyzing the challenges posed by the realm of "big visual data", in terms of the generalization ability of adaptation algorithms to unconstrained data acquisition as well as issues related to their computational tractability, and draw parallels with the efforts from vision community on image transformation models, and invariant descriptors so as to facilitate improved understanding of vision problems under uncertainty.

This comprehensive text/reference presents a broad review of diverse domain adaptation (DA) methods for machine learning, with a focus on solutions for visual applications. The book collects together solutions and perspectives proposed by an international selection of pre-eminent experts in the field, addressing not only classical image categorization, but also other computer vision tasks such as detection, segmentation and visual attributes. Topics and features: surveys the complete field of visual DA, including shallow methods designed for homogeneous and heterogeneous data as well as deep architectures; presents a positioning of the dataset bias in the CNN-based feature arena; proposes detailed analyses of popular shallow methods that addresses landmark data selection, kernel embedding, feature alignment, joint feature transformation and classifier adaptation, or the case of limited access to the source data; discusses more recent deep DA methods, including discrepancy-based adaptation networks and adversarial discriminative DA models; addresses domain adaptation problems beyond image categorization, such as a Fisher encoding adaptation for vehicle re-identification, semantic segmentation and detection trained on synthetic images, and domain generalization for semantic part detection; describes a multi-source domain generalization technique for visual attributes and a unifying framework for multi-domain and multi-task learning. This authoritative volume will be of great interest to a broad audience ranging from researchers and practitioners, to students involved in computer vision, pattern recognition and machine learning.

This book provides a survey of deep learning approaches to domain adaptation in computer vision. It gives the reader an overview of the state-of-the-art research in deep learning based domain adaptation. This book also discusses the various approaches to deep learning based domain adaptation in recent years. It outlines the importance of domain adaptation for the advancement of computer vision, consolidates the research in the area and provides the reader with promising directions for future research in domain adaptation. Divided into four parts, the first part of this book begins with an introduction to domain adaptation, which outlines the problem statement, the role of domain adaptation and the motivation for research in this area. It includes a chapter outlining pre-deep learning era domain adaptation techniques. The second part of this book highlights feature alignment based approaches to domain adaptation. The third part of this book outlines image alignment procedures for domain adaptation. The final section of this book presents novel directions for research in domain adaptation. This book targets researchers working in artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning and computer vision. Industry professionals and entrepreneurs seeking to adopt deep learning into their applications will also be interested in this book.

This 8-volumes set constitutes the refereed of the 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Workshops, ICPR 2020, held virtually in Milan, Italy and rescheduled to January 10 - 11, 2021 due to Covid-19 pandemic. The 416 full papers presented in these 8 volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from about 700 submissions. The 46 workshops cover a wide range of areas including machine learning, pattern analysis, healthcare, human behavior, environment, surveillance, forensics and biometrics, robotics and egovision, cultural heritage and document analysis, retrieval, and women at ICPR2020.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 16th Chinese Conference on Biometric Recognition, CCBR 2022, which took place in Beijing, China, in November 2022. The 70 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 115 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics such as Fingerprint, Palmprint and Vein Recognition; Face Detection, Recognition and Tracking; Gesture and Action Recognition; Affective Computing and Human-Computer Interface; Speaker and Speech Recognition; Gait, Iris and Other Biometrics; Multi-modal Biometric Recognition and Fusion; Quality Evaluation and Enhancement of Biometric Signals; Animal Biometrics; Trustworthy, Privacy and Personal Data Security; Medical and Other Applications.