Dowry And Daughters

This book studies the relevance of dowry as a customary practice in Indian marriages. It examines the historical articulation between traditional cultural texts and modern statutory law to understand how daughters are valued and how dowry as a custom defines this value. The author creates a conceptual link between modern, medieval and ancient marriage rites that formulate and embed dowry behaviour and practice within Indian society. This book also provides a critique of the cultural textual tradition of India and South Asia. It asserts for the first time that Vedic materialism is at the core of an adequate understanding of how dowry as wealth comes to occupy such a central position in the field of marriage. An important study into the custom and tradition of South Asia, this book will be indispensable for students and researchers of cultural studies, women’s studies, gender studies, religion, history, law and South Asian studies.

This innovative study of the patriarchy belies the accepted notion of the father figure as tyrannical and exploitative.

Part memoir, part documentation of a twenty-five-year battle against dowry When Hardeep Kaur screamed for help, the entire neighbourhood rushed out of their homes, but only to watch in mute horror as the young mother was burnt alive in her in-laws' house. When the case came up in court, only one person, Subhadra Butalla, testified, while the others refused in the interests of maintaining ‘good neighbourly, relations’. Thus began Subhadra's crusade against dowry. In The Gift of a Daughter, she re cords her struggle against dowry–of how she and her team set up short-stay homes for the victims and gave them and their families emotional support and legal advice, organized protests and street plays to increase awareness, and fought the corruption in the police force and the state administration. While recounting the stories of the victims, Subhadra comments on the system of marriage in India and the indignities women are subjected to, the tragedy of parents waking up too late to the danger their daughters are in, the-compulsions that force them to forget the dead and focus on the living, and the inadequacy of the Dowry Prevention Act. An informed and unsparing examination of just how widespread and well entrenched the custom of dowry is, The Gift of a Daughter is an account of a long battle that has made a small but significant difference.

Why did a practice that had been considered a duty stop being a duty, or, conversely, why did daughters lose the right they had previously enjoyed of receiving from their parents the wherewithal to contribute to the support of their marriage? Despite the many historical and anthropological studies about dowry, to the best of my knowledge this is the first analysis of its disappearance. My hypothesis at a general level is that the institution of dowry was among the many fetters to the development of capitalism, such as entail, monopolies, and the privileges of the nobility, of churchmen, and of army officers, that disappeared as the influence of industrial capital spread worldwide. Yet entail, monopolies, and privileges were abolished legally, whereas the dowry was not abolished legally, it disappeared in practice. Thus the question remains: what led individual families to change their customs regarding dowry? And they changed remarkably. I found that, in the seventeenth century, practically all propertied families in São Paulo endowed every one of their daughters, favoring them by giving dowries far exceeding the value of what their brothers would inherit later on. By the early nineteenth century, in contrast, long before the custom of dowry had disappeared, less than a third of the propertied families in São Paulo were endowing their daughters, and those who did gave comparatively smaller dowries, with a very different content, while some families endowed only one or two of several daughters. How to explain this transformation in customs? I will argue throughout this book that the practice of dowry altered because of changes in society, the family, and marriage. Since dowry is a transfer of property between family members, changes in the concept of property, in the way property is acquired and held, or in business practices are relevant to an understanding of change in the institution of dowry, as are changes in the function of the family in society, the way it is integrated into production, and how it supports its members. The changes experienced by Brazilian society that help explain the decline and disappearance of the dowry are many of the same transformations that have been observed in more central regions of the Western world. Through a long process that started in the eighteenth century and continued into the early twentieth century, Brazil changed from a hierarchical, ancien régime type of society in which status, family, and patron-client relations were primary to a more individualistic society in which contract and the market increasingly reigned. A society divided vertically into family clans changed gradually into a society divided horizontally into classes. As the state grew stronger, it took over functions previously performed by the family, which in seventeenth-century São Paulo's frontier society had included municipal government and defense. Between the seventeenth and the late nineteenth centuries, a new concept of private property developed. The family changed from being the locus of both production and consumption to being principally the locus of consumption, while "family" and "business" became formally separate. The power of the larger kin declined and the conjugal family became more important, and marriage was transformed from predominantly a property matter to an avowed "love" relationship, the economic underpinnings of which were no longer made explicit. At the same time there was a change from the strong authority of the patriarch over adult sons and daughters to their greater independence, and from arranged marriages to marriages freely chosen by the bride and groom. These transformations took place in Brazil starting in the eighteenth century and continuing throughout the nineteenth century in a gradual and complex manner so that both old and new characteristics often coexisted at a given time, sometimes even within the same family. As these changes occurred, the

In these insightful 1973 papers two leading authorities make a wide-ranging review of ideas and materials on bridewealth and dowry.

"Dowry in India has long been blamed for the murder of wives and female infants. Reconstructing the history of dowry in this highly provocative book, Veena Talwar Oldenburg argues that dowry is not always the motive for these killings as is widely believed; nor are these crimes a product of Indian culture or caste system. In the pre-colonial period, dowry, an institution managed by women to enable them to establish their independence, was a safety net. As a consequence of massive economic and societal upheaval brought on by British rule, however, women's control of the system diminished and dowry became extortion." -- Page 4 of cover.

From an examination of medieval London's Husting wills, Daughters of London offers a new framework for considering urban women’s experiences as daughters. The wills reveal daughters equipped with economic opportunities through bequests of real estate and movable property.

Oldenburg argues that dowry murder is not about dowry per se nor is it rooted in an Indian culture or caste system that encourages violence against women. Rather, dowry murder can be traced directly to the influences of the British colonial era.