Drugs Enzymes And Receptors Of The Renin Angiotensin System

Since 1898, when Tigerstadt and Bergman first extracted renin from rabbit kidney, the reninrugs, Enzymes and Receptors of the Renin is designed to highlight molecular and clinical approaches to understanding the renin Chapter topics have been specifically chosen to cover selected contemporary, controversial and unresolved issues. A novel and uni

This book of the series on “Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease” includes state-of-the-art information on the status of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the form of 24 chapters. This book has been organized into three sections: (i) General Implications of RAS in human health and Infectious Diseases, (ii) Lung, Liver and Kidney Diseases, and (iii) Development of Cancer. Each chapter has discussed comprehensive knowledge regarding the molecular and cellular aspects of the role of RAS in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of different disease processes. Biochemical mechanisms associated with angiotensin II type 1 and type II receptors, and angiotensin (1-7) MAS receptors for the occurrence of both harmful and beneficial effects of prolonged activation of RAS in different diseases have been outlined. It is noteworthy to point out that different chapter in this book were prepared by recognized global expertise in the area of inflammation, oxidative stress and signal transduction pathways to highlight the role of RAS in different diseases. It is our sincere hope that this book will be of great interest to both biomedical investigators and health professionals as well as graduate students and postdoctoral fellows all over the world.

Nearly thirty years ago, in 1974, the volume on Angiotensin edited by Irvine H.Page and F. Merlin Bumpus expanded the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Even after two decades the multiplicity of its actions appears not to have been fully discovered. To call attention to its many functions is one of the purposes of this book. This new edition of the volume on Angiotensin attempts to provide an updated account of the knowledge and findings accumulated since the complexity of angiotensin was so accurately recognized.

The emergence of an exciting new class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors is having a major impact on the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. This work provides the most complete and up-to-date investigation on the biochemistry, comparative pharmacology, and clinical utility of these powerful agents. Written by internationally respected authorities, sections offer state-of-the-art reviews, with special attention given to the potential of ACE inhibitors for established as well as new indications, either alone or in combination with older drugs. The broad range of topics includes the physiology of the renin-angiotensin system, the similarities and differences among ACE inhibitors, and the advantages of ACE inhibitors with respect to ?quality of life.? Furthermore, "Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors" is the only review of the new and potentially promising ACE inhibitors under development.

Selected Chapters from the Renin-Angiotensin System aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the most important physiological and pathophysiological roles of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The complex and convoluted RAS has been investigated for many years and, through rigorous scientific research, many important and previously unknown components and functions of the RAS have come to light. These discoveries have been crucial in the understanding of this system and provide a basis for effective modulation of the system as part of therapeutic strategies for a number of widespread disorders. New studies are continuing to elucidate the RAS and the mechanisms associated with its functions. This book discusses relevant scientific knowledge about the RAS and intends to introduce the reader to cutting-edge research with an accentuation on the mechanisms at the functional/physiological and molecular/cellular levels.

This is the first book addressing in full the most important aspects of the angiotensin-(1-7), the key peptide of the protective axis and the main component in the new modulatory concept of the renin-angiotensin system. It features a detailed review of angiotensin-(1-7) and its receptor Mas, comprising the historical background, enzymatic pathways for generation, functions, integrative aspects of its protective profile, and its therapeutic potential. It also encompasses a comprehensive presentation of current knowledge about its widespread biological actions on several tissues, as well as the most recent scientific achievements, emerging from preclinical and clinical trials. Dr. Santos is a renowned researcher on the Renin-Angiontensin system, with remarkable achievements regarding the role of peptides such as alamandine and angiontensin-(1-7). He has also worked on the potential clinical applicability of angiotensin-(1-7)-related drugs for cardiovascular diseases. He has an extensive publication record in the field, including the publication of the book The Protective Arm of the Renin Angiotensin System (Academic Press, 2015). Angiotensin-(1-7) will make a unique contribution to the literature and will be an important resource for biomedical students and researchers, medical practitioners and any other professional interested in this peptide and its role in the renin-angiotensin system.

This text reviews recent aspects of the renin-angiotensin system with a focus on the medicinal chemistry of the drugs interfering with this system. It also covers the development of nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists.

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) represent the first class of antihypertensive agents that was designed and developed on the basis of a well-defined physiopathological axis of arterial hypertension, a vascular dis order that is now becoming one of the major causes of morbidity/mortality, not only in developed societies but also in the highly populated developing coun tries [1]. CAPTOPRIL, the prototype of the "PRIL" family, which now comprises more than 40 molecule-species, was quite hazardous and the clinical develop ment almost failed when serious side-effects were reported in an alarmist fash ion in reputable scientific journals, such as the New England Journal of Medicine and Lancet. Squibb & Sons came very close to withdrawing CAPTOPRIL from clinical investigation [2]. However, after re-examination of the data obtained from different categories of patients and appropriate dose-adjustments, the clinical use of CAPTOPRIL turned out to be revolutionary. The prototype, as well as other members of the "PRIL" family became the starting point for numerous basic and clinical research programs, focusing on the interactions of ACEI with the kinin, endothelin, and nitric oxide systems, and the contribution of the receptors for AT I, AT 2, bradykinin Bland B , ETA and ET B to the pharmacological actions 2 of the respective peptides. This research activity led to the development of new pharmacological agents, such as the angiotensin receptor antagonists and, more recently, the neutral endopeptidase inhibitors. In the near future, bradykinin receptor antagonists also will be available to modulate ACEI phar macological actions.