Drying And Storage Of Grains And Oilseeds

This text and reference discusses the drying of grains, in particular the staple cereals, maize, rice, and wheat, and the oilseeds, soybeans and canola. The basic physical and thermodynamic properties of grain and air are examined, and the theory of the drying process is developed. Design of the optimum operating conditions for on-farm and off-farm dryers are presented. The book is written as an engineering text, but should also prove beneficial to all who are interested in the proper drying and storage of grains. Examples and problems are given in both S.I. and Imperial units.

Drying and storage are two significant unit operations in the food industry and are applied to both raw and processed products including cereal grains, oilseeds, legumes, flour, noodle, coffee, and cornstarch. The common characteristic of these materials is that all of them are hygroscopic and contain water. The hygroscopic properties are influenced by their physical properties, which are influenced by their storage environments such as bins, warehouses, bunkers, and temporary storage structures. This book focuses on the storage and drying of bulk products in these storage structures. On many occasions in our work with the grain storage and drying personnel especially our graduate students and industry contacts, we found a book explaining the fundamental principles of grain storage and drying is needed. Therefore, the primary objective of this book is to help readers understand the fundamental principles of grain storage and drying and develop a well-informed approach to solve grain storage and drying problems. Technologies for grain storage and drying are advanced through research; therefore, literature review and background on each topic has also been included. The book is generally intended for grain storage and drying students, engineers, and scientists. As reflected in the contents which are presented at several levels of depth, this book will serve well readers with different backgrounds and interests. An effort has been made to allow for independent reading of different sections, and to make a large part of this work accessible to a non-mathematical audience. The authors have combined their experience of teaching grain storage and drying to undergraduate and graduate students in the faculties of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Engineering. Material in the book is organized into broad topic areas: physical properties (Chapters 1 and 2), grain temperature and moisture (Chapters 2 and 6), water in biomaterials and relationship with its environment (Chapter 3), fundamental principles of aeration, drying, and rewetting (Chapter 4), and mathematical modelling of isotherm, drying, and re-wetting (Chapter 5). We hope our readers will benefit from the contents of the book for many decades.

Finite Element Analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics have been introduced in modelling and simulation of drying and storage systems, these techniques are expected to dominate the future research and development of drying and storages, and should reduce losses and improve the quality of agricultural products, enhancing food security globally. Drying and Storage of Cereal Grains, Second Edition, covers the wide spectrum of drying and storage methods applied to economically important cereal produce, providingnumerical examples for better understanding the complexity in drying and storage systems through modelling and simulation, aiding design and management of drying and storage systems. Chapters 1 to 8 look at air and grain moisture equilibria, psychrometry, physical and thermal properties of cereal grains, principles of air flow, and provide detailed analyses of grain drying.Chapters 9 to 13 focus on temperature and moisture in grain storages, and provide comprehensive treatment of modern grain storage systems. The book also includes a number of unsolved problems at the end of each chapter for further practice. This revised second edition includes new sections on - heat of sorption finite element modeling of single kernel CFD modeling of fluidized bed drying exergy analysis and neural network modeling numerical solution of two dimensional temperature and moisture changes in stored grain This book will provide students in agricultural engineering and food engineering with a wide spectrum of drying and storage studies previously unavailable in a single monograph. It will also serve as an excellent reference for practicing agricultural engineers, food engineers and food technologists.

Cereal uses range from human food and beverages to animal feeds and industrial products. It is human food and beverages which are the predominant uses covered in this book, since the nutritional quality of cereals for animal feed is described in other publications on animal nutrition, and industrial products are a relatively minor use of cereals. Cereals are the main components of human diets and are crucial to human survival. Three species, wheat, rice and maize, account for the bulk of human food. Barley is the major raw material for beer production and ranks fourth in world production. Other species such as sorghum are regionally important. This book covers all the major cereal species: wheat, rice, maize, barley, sorghum, millet, oats, rye and triticale. Specific chapters have been devoted to a description of the major end-uses of each of the species and to definition of the qualities required for each of their end uses. The functional and nutritional quality of cereals determines their suitability for specific purposes and may limit the quality of the end product, influencing greatly the commercial value of grain. An under standing of the factors that determine grain quality is thus important in the maintenance of efficient and sustainable agricultural and food production. The biochemical constituents of the grain that determine quality have been described in chapters on proteins, carbohydrates and other components. An understanding of the relationships between grain composition and quality is important in selecting grain for specific uses.

History and importance of drying crops.

The processing of food is no longer simple or straightforward, but is now a highly inter-disciplinary science. A number of new techniques have developed to extend shelf-life, minimize risk, protect the environment, and improve functional, sensory, and nutritional properties. The ever-increasing number of food products and preservation techniques cr