Dulling The Cutting Edge

This study’s statistical analysis shows that patent quality and innovation in China deserve improvement, and an in-depth legal, management science, and economic analysis in the study shows that various patent-related policies and practices actually hamper patent quality and innovation in China. Over 50 recommendations for reform are provided. The study is divided into four chapters, summaries of which are as follows: Although China became the world leader in quantity of domestically filed patent applications in 2011, the quality of these patents needs improvement. Also, while certain innovation in China is rising, the country’s actual innovation appears over-hyped by some sources. There appears to be an overly heavy focus on government-set quantitative patent targets in China, which can hamper patent quality and innovation. This overemphasis involves over 10 national-level and over 150 municipal/provincial quantitative patent targets, mostly to be met by 2015, which are also linked to performance evaluations for SoEs, Party officials and government ministries, universities and research institutes, and other entities. China has a wide-range of other policies, many of which are at least partially meant to encourage patents, that can actually discourage quality patents, and highest-quality patents in particular, and innovation. Examples of these policies include a variety of measures with requirements for “indigenous intellectual property rights” that are linked to financial incentives (many of which are unrelated to government procurement); a range of other government-provided financial incentives for patent development (e.g. certain patent filing subsidies); inappropriate inventor remuneration rules; discriminatory standardization approaches; and a wide range of others. There are a host of concerns surrounding rules and procedures for patent application review and those for enforcement of patent disputes that can hamper building of quality patents and innovation in China. These include concerns about abuse of patent rights, difficulties invalidating utility models, and a wide range of other issues.

This study's statistical analysis shows that patent quality and innovation in China deserve improvement, and an in-depth legal, management science, and economic analysis in the study shows that various patent-related policies and practices actually hamper patent quality and innovation in China. Over 50 recommendations for reform are provided. The study is divided into four chapters, summaries of which are as follows: Although China became the world leader in quantity of domestically filed patent applications in 2011, the quality of these patents needs improvement. Also, while certain innovation in China is rising, the country's actual innovation appears over-hyped by some sources. There appears to be an overly heavy focus on government-set quantitative patent targets in China, which can hamper patent quality and innovation. This overemphasis involves over 10 national-level and over 150 municipal/provincial quantitative patent targets, mostly to be met by 2015, which are also linked to performance evaluations for SoEs, Party officials and government ministries, universities and research institutes, and other entities. China has a wide-range of other policies, many of which are at least partially meant to encourage patents, that can actually discourage quality patents, and highest-quality patents in particular, and innovation. Examples of these policies include a variety of measures with requirements for “indigenous intellectual property rights” that are linked to financial incentives (many of which are unrelated to government procurement); a range of other government-provided financial incentives for patent development (e.g. certain patent filing subsidies); inappropriate inventor remuneration rules; discriminatory standardization approaches; and a wide range of others. There are a host of concerns surrounding rules and procedures for patent application review and those for enforcement of patent disputes that can hamper building of quality patents and innovation in China. These include concerns about abuse of patent rights, difficulties invalidating utility models, and a wide range of other issues.

Abrasive technology is becoming increasingly important in precision manufacturing. This volume contains more than 70 refereed technical papers contributed by worldwide academic researchers and industrial practitioners, on the latest development in abrasive technology. Specifically, it covers the mechanics and mechanisms of abrasive processes as well as the technologies and applications related to abrasive jet machining, nano-machining, grinding, polishing, horning and lapping. It also includes topics on high-speed machining, eco-machining and laser micro-machining technologies. The discussion on the practical applications of abrasive technology and the associated theories makes this book useful for academic researchers and industrial practitioners. Contents: GrindingELIDPolishing, Honing and LappingDressing and TruingFinishing and ECMAbrasive Jet and Flow MachiningMechanics of MachiningHigh-Speed and Eco-MachiningNano-Machining and Laser Micro-MachiningSurface IntegrityMachines and MeasurementsNovel Technologies and Materials Readership: Academics and professionals in industrial manufacturing, mechanical engineering and materials science. Keywords:Grinding;Flow Machining;Nano-Machining;Laser Micro-Machining;Machines;Industrial;Manufacturing

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from 3rd Party sellers are not guaranteed by the Publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Walking dental hygiene students step-by-step through the “how to”—not just the “what” and “why”—of using periodontal and root instruments, this 8th Edition of Jill Gehrig’s definitive resource features new chapters, new online technique videos, updated coverage of the latest evidence-based techniques and equipment, and an expanded array of online teaching and learning resources. Designed to make it easy for students to learn instrumentation, this practical book first takes students through basic skills—patient positioning, intraoral finger rests, and basic instrumentation—then covers advanced techniques, including assessment of periodontal patients and instrumentation of the root branches of multirooted teeth, root concavities, and furcation areas. • Stand-alone modules provide step-by-step instructions for each major instrument classification (sickle scalars, universal curets, area-specific curets, etc.), providing instructors with maximum teaching flexibility. • Module outlines make it easy for students to locate specific information. • Chapter-opening learning objectives help students recognize and study important concepts. • A step-by-step format allows students to work independently and at their own pace—fostering autonomy and decision-making skills. • Key terms help students learn a whole new dental vocabulary as they move through the text. • Study aids, including boxes, tables, and flow charts, visually reinforce important content and permit quick reference during technique practice and at-home review. • Case-based patient experiences and critical thinking activities encourage students to apply concepts to clinical situations and help develop problem-solving skills. • Skill evaluation checklists guide student practice, promote self-assessment skills, and provide benchmarks for faculty evaluation of skill attainment. • Thirty-two FREE online videos (12 new to this edition) demonstrate instrumentation techniques.