Educational Measurement

This book introduces and explores major topics in contemporary educational measurement: criterion-referenced testing, item response theory (IRT), computer-based testing, cross-lingual and cross-cultural assessment, and accountability testing. Psychometric experts describe forward-looking measurement practices and provide a contextualized understanding of how and why they were developed, how they can be used, and where they may go in the future. In addition to presenting key concepts and formulas, the volume covers established and emerging applications and discusses recurrent challenges that require additional research. A helpful glossary of abbreviations is included. The book is grounded in the work of Ronald K. Hambleton.

Currently there are many introductory textbooks on educational measurement and psychometrics as well as R. However, there is no single book that covers important topics in measurement and psychometrics as well as their applications in R. The Handbook of Educational Measurement and Psychometrics Using R covers a variety of topics, including classical test theory; generalizability theory; the factor analytic approach in measurement; unidimensional, multidimensional, and explanatory item response modeling; test equating; visualizing measurement models; measurement invariance; and differential item functioning. This handbook is intended for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and practitioners as a complementary book to a theory-based introductory or advanced textbook in measurement. Practitioners and researchers who are familiar with the measurement models but need to refresh their memory and learn how to apply the measurement models in R, would find this handbook quite fulfilling. Students taking a course on measurement and psychometrics will find this handbook helpful in applying the methods they are learning in class. In addition, instructors teaching educational measurement and psychometrics will find our handbook as a useful supplement for their course.

Several key developments challenge the field of educational measurement today: demands for tests at larger scales with higher stakes, an improved understanding of how people develop capabilities, and new technologies for interactive digital assessments. Sociocognitive Foundations of Educational Measurement integrates new developments in educational measurement and educational psychology in order to provide researchers, testing professionals, and students with an innovative sociocognitive perspective on assessment. This comprehensive volume begins with a broad explanation of the sociocognitive perspective and the foundations of assessment, then provides a series of focused applications to major topics such as assessment arguments, validity, fairness, interactive assessment, and a conception of "measurement" in educational assessment. Classical test theory, item response theory, categorical models, mixture models, cognitive diagnosis models, and Bayesian networks are explored from the resulting perspective. Ideal for specialists in these areas, graduate students, developers, and scholars in both educational measurement and fields that contribute to a sociocognitive perspective, this book consolidates nearly a decade of research into a fresh perspective on educational measurement.

Classroom Assessment and Educational Measurement explores the ways in which the theory and practice of both educational measurement and the assessment of student learning in classroom settings mutually inform one another. Chapters by assessment and measurement experts consider the nature of classroom assessment information, from student achievement to affective and socio-emotional attributes; how teachers interpret and work with assessment results; and emerging issues in assessment such as digital technologies and diversity/inclusion. This book uniquely considers the limitations of applying large-scale educational measurement theory to classroom assessment and the adaptations necessary to make this transfer useful. Researchers, graduate students, industry professionals, and policymakers will come away with an essential understanding of how the classroom assessment context is essential to broadening contemporary educational measurement perspectives.

Imparting knowledge is one thing and measuring the same is another. Similarly, perfect teaching is one thing and evaluating the learners is another. In fact, for measurement and evaluation of the level of knowledge of learners requires a particular acumen and a different skills. In today s educational world, the scholars have accorded the status of an art to the capability of an educator or teacher, which he or she possesses and exhibits in testing and ranking his or her pupils at various intervals of time. Now, we find expert evaluators and examiners, who specialise in conducting different tests, and examinations. In fact, all teachers, should master this skills. However, this is a new stream, which demands flawless methods and techniques for carrying out the exercises, known as Evaluation and Measurement.

This book is a valuable read for a diverse group of researchers and practitioners who analyze assessment data and construct test instruments. It focuses on the use of classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT), which are often required in the fields of psychology (e.g. for measuring psychological traits), health (e.g. for measuring the severity of disorders), and education (e.g. for measuring student performance), and makes these analytical tools accessible to a broader audience. Having taught assessment subjects to students from diverse backgrounds for a number of years, the three authors have a wealth of experience in presenting educational measurement topics, in-depth concepts and applications in an accessible format. As such, the book addresses the needs of readers who use CTT and IRT in their work but do not necessarily have an extensive mathematical background. The book also sheds light on common misconceptions in applying measurement models, and presents an integrated approach to different measurement methods, such as contrasting CTT with IRT and multidimensional IRT models with unidimensional IRT models. Wherever possible, comparisons between models are explicitly made. In addition, the book discusses concepts for test equating and differential item functioning, as well as Bayesian IRT models and plausible values using simple examples. This book can serve as a textbook for introductory courses on educational measurement, as supplementary reading for advanced courses, or as a valuable reference guide for researchers interested in analyzing student assessment data.