Electrified Interfaces In Physics Chemistry And Biology

Electrified interfaces span from metaVsemiconductor and metaVelectrolyte interfaces to disperse systems and biological membranes, and are notably important in so many physical, chemical and biological systems that their study has been tackled by researchers with different scientific backgrounds using different methodological approaches. The various electrified interfaces have several common features. The equilibrium distribution of positive and negative ions in an electrolytic solution is governed by the same Poisson-Boltzmann equation independent of whether the solution comes into contact with a metal, a colloidal particle or a biomembrane, and the same is true for the equilibrium distribution of free electrons and holes of a semiconductor in contact with a different conducting phase. Evaluation of electric potential differences across biomembranes is based on the same identity of electrochemical potentials which holds for a glass electrode and which yields the Nernst equation when applied to a metal/solution interface. The theory of thermally activated electron tunneling, which was developed by Marcus, Levich, Dogonadze and others to account for electron transfer across metaVelectrolyte interfaces, is also applied to light induced charge separation and proton translocation reactions across intercellular membranes. From an experimental viewpoint, the same electrochemical and in situ spectroscopic techniques can equally well be employed for the study of apparently quite different electrified interfaces.

This second edition of the excellent reference work has been supplemented by such up-to-date topics as depletion forces, surface modification by plasma polymerization, principles of lithography, or inverse gas chromatography, while the number and variety of exercises has been increased. The text reflects the many facets of this discipline by linking physical fundamentals, especially those taken from thermodynamics, with application-specific topics. Similarly, the theory behind important concepts is backed by clearly explained by scientific-engineering aspects as well as a wide range of high-end applications from microelectronics and biotechnology. Written to be understood intuitively by those with a general comprehension of the topic, and not burdened by details, this book is aimed at advanced students (and their teachers) in physics, chemistry and material sciences, as well as engineers and natural scientists requiring background knowledge in surface and interface science.

Offers a comprehensive treatment of surface chemistry and its applications to chemical engineering, biology, and medicine. Focuses on the chmical and physical structure of oil-water interfaces and membrane surfaces. Details interfacial potentials, ion solvation, and electrostatic instabilities in double layers.

Recognized experts present incisive analysis of both fundamental and applied problems in this continuation of a highly-acclaimed series. Topics discussed include: The way in which electrochemical systems may function as on a single electrode; The foundational area of voltaic measurements at liquid interfaces; Direct methanol fuel cells, which would avoid the unpleasant necessity faced by the current general of fuel cells - namely, using hydrogen; Dynamic processes in molten salts; Electrochemical techniques and Microbial Induced Corrosion (MIC).

Atomic-Scale Modelling of Electrochemical Systems A comprehensive overview of atomistic computational electrochemistry, discussing methods, implementation, and state-of-the-art applications in the field The first book to review state-of-the-art computational and theoretical methods for modelling, understanding, and predicting the properties of electrochemical interfaces. This book presents a detailed description of the current methods, their background, limitations, and use for addressing the electrochemical interface and reactions. It also highlights several applications in electrocatalysis and electrochemistry. Atomic-Scale Modelling of Electrochemical Systems discusses different ways of including the electrode potential in the computational setup and fixed potential calculations within the framework of grand canonical density functional theory. It examines classical and quantum mechanical models for the solid-liquid interface and formation of an electrochemical double-layer using molecular dynamics and/or continuum descriptions. A thermodynamic description of the interface and reactions taking place at the interface as a function of the electrode potential is provided, as are novel ways to describe rates of heterogeneous electron transfer, proton-coupled electron transfer, and other electrocatalytic reactions. The book also covers multiscale modelling, where atomic level information is used for predicting experimental observables to enable direct comparison with experiments, to rationalize experimental results, and to predict the following electrochemical performance. Uniquely explains how to understand, predict, and optimize the properties and reactivity of electrochemical interfaces starting from the atomic scale Uses an engaging “tutorial style” presentation, highlighting a solid physicochemical background, computational implementation, and applications for different methods, including merits and limitations Bridges the gap between experimental electrochemistry and computational atomistic modelling Written by a team of experts within the field of computational electrochemistry and the wider computational condensed matter community, this book serves as an introduction to the subject for readers entering the field of atom-level electrochemical modeling, while also serving as an invaluable reference for advanced practitioners already working in the field.