Electroporation Based Therapies For Cancer

Electroporation-Based Therapies for Cancer reviews electroporation-based clinical studies in hospitals for various cancer treatments, including melanomas, head and neck cancers, chest wall breast carcinomas, and colorectal cancers, as well as research studies in the lab using cell lines, primary cells, and animals. Cancer kills about one American per minute, amounting to over 500,000 deaths in the United States and millions, worldwide, each year. There is a critical need for safe, effective, and affordable alternative treatment modalities, especially for inoperable, recurring, and chemo-resistant cancers, that do not respond well to current treatment regimen. An electrical-pulse-mediated, enhanced drug delivery technique known as electroporation is one way to effectively treat these patients. This technique is especially suitable for low- and middle-income countries, where lack of infrastructure and resources leads to cancer diagnoses at late stages. This quick, safe, effective, economical, out-patient-based technique is a boon to these patients for palliative and other care with enhanced quality of life. This book features discussions by interdisciplinary authors—including practicing oncological surgeons, medical professionals, and academic and other researchers—of the basics and clinical medical applications of electroporation. Provides novel and recent clinical applications of electrochemotherapy for various cancers, including melanomas, sarcomas, superficial extreme melanoma, chest wall breast carcinoma, and colorectal cancers Extensive study of a number of cell lines, including human breast cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, leukemia, and mouse breast cancer using both reversible and irreversible electroporation techniques In vitro study of delivery of various commonly prescribed/administered breast cancer chemo and hormone drugs, such as Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel, Bleomycin, and Tamoxifen

"Electroporation-Based Therapies for Cancer" reviews electroporation-based clinical studies in hospitals for various cancer treatments, including melanomas, head and neck cancers, chest wall breast carcinomas, and colorectal cancers, as well as research studies in the lab using cell lines, primary cells, and animals. Cancer kills about one American per minute, amounting to over 500,000 deaths in the United States and millions, worldwide, each year. There is a critical need for safe, effective, and affordable alternative treatment modalities, especially for inoperable, recurring, and chemo-resistant cancers, that do not respond well to current treatment regimen. An electrical-pulse-mediated, enhanced drug delivery technique known as electroporation is one way to effectively treat these patients. This technique is especially suitable for low- and middle-income countries, where lack of infrastructure and resources leads to cancer diagnoses at late stages. This quick, safe, effective, economical, out-patient-based technique is a boon to these patients for palliative and other care with enhanced quality of life. This book features discussions by interdisciplinary authors including practicing oncological surgeons, medical professionals, and academic and other researchers of the basics and clinical medical applications of electroporation. Provides novel and recent clinical applications of electrochemotherapy for various cancers, including melanomas, sarcomas, superficial extreme melanoma, chest wall breast carcinoma, and colorectal cancersExtensive study of a number of cell lines, including human breast cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, leukemia, and mouse breast cancer using both reversible and irreversible electroporation techniquesIn vitro study of delivery of various commonly prescribed/administered breast cancer chemo and hormone drugs, such as Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel, Bleomycin, and Tamoxifen"

This is the first edited collection on veterinary applications of electroporation. Written by an international team of experts, this book presents worldwide emerging therapy options for cancer treatments in veterinary oncology practice. Electroporation offers a precision tool to target cancer cells without destroying surrounding tissue structures. The opening of tumor cell membranes facilitates local control of solid tumors either through the delivery of chemotherapeutics or by direct ablation of tissues using electric fields. In addition, transfer of gene-based products into the cancer cells can be used for genetic vaccination to achieve systemic responses and cancer control. Readers will discover valuable reference texts for practitioner education, including chapters on electrodes for unique anatomical access and treatment planning for deep-seated tumors, different immunotherapy applications with gene electrotransfer, calcium electroporation, irreversible electroporation applications and combinations with other common treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Therapy options with electroporation are gaining interest around the world in both human and veterinary oncology, making this book valuable for oncologists, surgeons, primary care veterinarians, residents, interns and students at veterinary schools, where teaching of Electrochemotherapy will become part of the curriculum. Featuring cross-disciplinary authorship, this work further contributes to advances in comparative medicine and translation research in support of the One Health concept.

Electroporation is the forefront in tumor ablation. This book presents the basic principles and clinical applications of electroporation, including the latest research results and patient data. A comprehensive approach to the basic science behind the development of this ground-breaking technique and its introduction into clinical practice, the book discusses the entire spectrum of currently available reversible treatments, the emerging irreversible applications, and their impact on patient care. Clinical Aspects of Electroporation is the first book intended for clinicians on this extremely important and rapidly developing field.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical use of irreversible electroporation (IRE) – better known by its commercial name, NanoKnife – which is one of the most exciting new needle-guided cancer treatments. The coverage includes the history of IRE, general technique, preclinical research, applications in clinical practice and early clinical results, and future perspectives. Contraindications, treatment planning, potential complications, follow-up imaging, and other practical aspects are fully discussed, with highlighting of useful tips and tricks. Through the delivery of short but highly intense electrical pulses, IRE results in tumor cell membrane permeabilization, causing cells to go into apoptosis. The minimally invasive nature of IRE, combined with the prospect of completely eradicating tumors while preserving delicate structures in the ablation zone, makes IRE the object of worldwide clinical research. This book will be of value for practitioners and trainees in interventional and diagnostic radiology, surgery, medical oncology, HPB and gastroenterology, urology, and radiation oncology.

Electrochemotherapy is an anticancer treatment used in routine in Europe in 130 cancer treatment centers. The objective response rate reaches 85 % for the treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors and studies are ongoing to spread the use of electrochemotherapy to deep-seated tumors. In the frame of this doctorate, the mechanisms underlying this excellent antitumor efficiency were investigated. First, the goal was to evaluate the ability of electrochemotherapy to induce the death of cancer stem cells, considered as the roots of cancer. Second, the immunological mechanisms responsible for the development of antitumor immune responses following the treatment were investigated. However, although a very high response rate is observed, electrochemotherapy remains a local treatment which does not induce antitumor responses in distant non-treated nodules. In order to circumvent this lack of systemic activity, a collaborative project was initiated with an innovating biotech company, INVECTYS, in order to develop a DNA vaccination strategy targeting the telomerase and based on electrogenetransfer. It is expected that the combination of this immunotherapy with a local treatment by electrochemotherapy could destroy not only the primary tumor, including cancer stem cells, but also circulating cancer cells and metastases.

Provides expert, state-of-the-art insight into the currentprogress of viral and non-viral gene therapy Translational medicine has opened the gateway to the era ofpersonalized or precision medicine. No longer a one-size-fits-allapproach, the treatment of cancer is now based on an understandingof underlying biologic mechanisms and is increasingly beingtailored to the molecular specificity of a tumor. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the pertinentmolecular discoveries in the cancer field and explains how theseare being used for gene-based cancer therapies. Designed as avolume in the Translational Oncology book series, Cancer GeneTherapy by Viral and Non-viral Vectors deals with the practiceof gene-therapy, with reference to vectors for gene expression andgene transfer, as well as viral therapy. It covers the history andcurrent and future applications of gene transfer in cancer, andprovides expert insight on the progress of viral and non-viral genetherapy with regard to delivery system, vector design, potentialtherapeutic genes, and principles and regulations for cancer genetherapy. Presented in three parts, Cancer Gene Therapy by Viral andNon-viral Vectors covers: Delivery Systems • Translational Cancer Research: Gene Therapy by Viraland Non-viral Vectors • Retroviruses for Cancer Therapy • DNA Plasmids for Non-viral Gene Therapy ofCancer • Cancer Therapy with RNAi delivered by Non-viralMembrane/Core Nanoparticles Targeted Expression • Cancer Gene Therapy by Tissue-specific andCancer-targeting Promptors • MicroRNAs as Drugs and Drug Targets in Cancer Principles of Clinical Trials in Gene Therapy • Regulatory issues for Manufacturers of Viral Vectorsand Vector-transduced Cells for Phase I/II Trials • US Regulations Governing Clinical Trials in GeneTherapy • Remaining Obstacles to the Success of Cancer GeneTherapy Focusing on speeding the process in clinical cancer care bybringing therapies as quickly as possible from bench to bedside,Cancer Gene Therapy by Viral and Non-viral Vectors is anabsolutely vital book for physicians, clinicians, researchers, andstudents involved in this area of medicine.

Most physical ablation modalities for cancer treatment are focal and are based on thermal damage. Despite their regular clinical use as an alternative to surgical resection, their thermal principle of operation entails risks regarding the preservation of neighboring vital structures, such as large vessels, critical ducts or nerves. In addition, being focal, their use is unpractical in cases where multiple nodules are present or tumors are difficult to reach with the applicators. This thesis explores non-thermal electrical treatments which can be applied in a non-focal manner. Two treatments have been investigated: the first treatment, proposed by others a few years ago, is based on the permanent application of low magnitude alternating electric fields through surface electrodes. Here, this treatment has been in vivo studied to evaluate its efficacy as well as to discern whether it is non-thermally mediated. The second electrical treatment is based on the electroporation phenomenon and targets liver tumor nodules. Electroporation-based therapies employ brief high magnitude electric fields. These pulsed fields, alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, are able to kill cells by increasing their membrane permeability. Current electroporation-based therapies for internal tumors are local and are delivered through needle-shaped electrodes. Rather than using needle electrodes to treat liver tumors, here it is explored a novel treatment in which large plate electrodes are used to deliver the field across the whole liver in a non local fashion. The treatment aims at simultaneously destroying all tumors while preserving healthy tissue. Its efficacy is based on selectively enhancing the electric field over the tumors by infusing a solution with high electrical conductivity. The proposed treatment for liver tumors requires a high performance generator which is not currently available. The work presented here includes the design of a new generator topology able to fulfill the requirements.