Encrypting The Past

Encrypting the Past puts forward the interpretative category of the first-generation German-Jewish Holocaust novel and examines its representational strategies. With reference to works by H.G. Adler, Jenny Aloni, Elisabeth Augustin, Erich Fried, and Wolfgang Hildesheimer, and a concluding section on W.G. Sebald, it shows how Holocaust literature was being written decades before postwar authors such as Sebald were credited with having found new ways of reflecting the unspeakable. It demonstrates that, before the theoretical debate over the fundamental representability of the Holocaust was even fully under way, first-generation authors were already translating un-narratable trauma into a literary strategy of un-narrating: a strategy of encrypting the Holocaust into the form and structure of their texts. The implications of treating these writers as a set, and their body of work as a hitherto unacknowledged category of Holocaust fiction, go well beyond drawing attention to a number of important but critically neglected authors. This study frames the analysis of first-generation narrative strategies in the broader debate on the ethics and aesthetics of Holocaust writing. In revealing how certain kinds of testimony have been privileged above others in international Holocaust studies, it raises questions of a more general nature concerning canon formation and our theoretical responses to the Holocaust. In considering foremost among these responses the theory of deconstruction and trauma theory, it finally invites a re-examination of the relationship between the (post-)modern and trauma.

"A staggeringly comprehensive review of the state of modern cryptography. Essential for anyone getting up to speed in information security." - Thomas Doylend, Green Rocket Security An all-practical guide to the cryptography behind common tools and protocols that will help you make excellent security choices for your systems and applications. In Real-World Cryptography, you will find: Best practices for using cryptography Diagrams and explanations of cryptographic algorithms Implementing digital signatures and zero-knowledge proofs Specialized hardware for attacks and highly adversarial environments Identifying and fixing bad practices Choosing the right cryptographic tool for any problem Real-World Cryptography reveals the cryptographic techniques that drive the security of web APIs, registering and logging in users, and even the blockchain. You’ll learn how these techniques power modern security, and how to apply them to your own projects. Alongside modern methods, the book also anticipates the future of cryptography, diving into emerging and cutting-edge advances such as cryptocurrencies, and post-quantum cryptography. All techniques are fully illustrated with diagrams and examples so you can easily see how to put them into practice. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the technology Cryptography is the essential foundation of IT security. To stay ahead of the bad actors attacking your systems, you need to understand the tools, frameworks, and protocols that protect your networks and applications. This book introduces authentication, encryption, signatures, secret-keeping, and other cryptography concepts in plain language and beautiful illustrations. About the book Real-World Cryptography teaches practical techniques for day-to-day work as a developer, sysadmin, or security practitioner. There’s no complex math or jargon: Modern cryptography methods are explored through clever graphics and real-world use cases. You’ll learn building blocks like hash functions and signatures; cryptographic protocols like HTTPS and secure messaging; and cutting-edge advances like post-quantum cryptography and cryptocurrencies. This book is a joy to read—and it might just save your bacon the next time you’re targeted by an adversary after your data. What's inside Implementing digital signatures and zero-knowledge proofs Specialized hardware for attacks and highly adversarial environments Identifying and fixing bad practices Choosing the right cryptographic tool for any problem About the reader For cryptography beginners with no previous experience in the field. About the author David Wong is a cryptography engineer. He is an active contributor to internet standards including Transport Layer Security. Table of Contents PART 1 PRIMITIVES: THE INGREDIENTS OF CRYPTOGRAPHY 1 Introduction 2 Hash functions 3 Message authentication codes 4 Authenticated encryption 5 Key exchanges 6 Asymmetric encryption and hybrid encryption 7 Signatures and zero-knowledge proofs 8 Randomness and secrets PART 2 PROTOCOLS: THE RECIPES OF CRYPTOGRAPHY 9 Secure transport 10 End-to-end encryption 11 User authentication 12 Crypto as in cryptocurrency? 13 Hardware cryptography 14 Post-quantum cryptography 15 Is this it? Next-generation cryptography 16 When and where cryptography fails

Encryption protects information stored on smartphones, laptops, and other devices - in some cases by default. Encrypted communications are provided by widely used computing devices and services - such as smartphones, laptops, and messaging applications - that are used by hundreds of millions of users. Individuals, organizations, and governments rely on encryption to counter threats from a wide range of actors, including unsophisticated and sophisticated criminals, foreign intelligence agencies, and repressive governments. Encryption on its own does not solve the challenge of providing effective security for data and systems, but it is an important tool. At the same time, encryption is relied on by criminals to avoid investigation and prosecution, including criminals who may unknowingly benefit from default settings as well as those who deliberately use encryption. Thus, encryption complicates law enforcement and intelligence investigations. When communications are encrypted "end-to-end," intercepted messages cannot be understood. When a smartphone is locked and encrypted, the contents cannot be read if the phone is seized by investigators. Decrypting the Encryption Debate reviews how encryption is used, including its applications to cybersecurity; its role in protecting privacy and civil liberties; the needs of law enforcement and the intelligence community for information; technical and policy options for accessing plaintext; and the international landscape. This book describes the context in which decisions about providing authorized government agencies access to the plaintext version of encrypted information would be made and identifies and characterizes possible mechanisms and alternative means of obtaining information.

With the advent of the IT revolution, the volume of data produced has increased exponentially and is still showing an upward trend. This data may be abundant and enormous, but it’s a precious resource and should be managed properly. Cloud technology plays an important role in data management. Storing data in the cloud rather than on local storage has many benefits, but apart from these benefits, there are privacy concerns in storing sensitive data over third-party servers. These concerns can be addressed by storing data in an encrypted form; however, while encryption solves the problem of privacy, it engenders other serious issues, including the infeasibility of the fundamental search operation and a reduction in flexibility when sharing data with other users, amongst others. The concept of searchable encryption addresses these issues. This book provides every necessary detail required to develop a secure, searchable encryption scheme using both symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic primitives along with the appropriate security models to ensure the minimum security requirements for real-world applications.

This IBM® Redbooks® publication discusses IBM System Storage Open Systems Tape Encryption solutions. It specifically describes Tivoli Key Lifecycle Manager (TKLM) Version 2, which is a Java software program that manages keys enterprise-wide and provides encryption-enabled tape drives with keys for encryption and decryption. The book explains various methods of managing IBM tape encryption. These methods differ in where the encryption policies reside, where key management is performed, whether a key manager is required, and if required, how the tape drives communicate with it. The security and accessibility characteristics of encrypted data create considerations for clients which do not exist with storage devices that do not encrypt data. Encryption key material must be kept secure from disclosure or use by any agent that does not have authority to it; at the same time it must be accessible to any agent that has both the authority and need to use it at the time of need. This book is written for readers who need to understand and use the various methods of managing IBM tape encryption.

The era of quantum computing is about to begin, with profound implications for the global economy and the financial system. Rapid development of quantum computing brings both benefits and risks. Quantum computers can revolutionize industries and fields that require significant computing power, including modeling financial markets, designing new effective medicines and vaccines, and empowering artificial intelligence, as well as creating a new and secure way of communication (quantum Internet). But they would also crack many of the current encryption algorithms and threaten financial stability by compromising the security of mobile banking, e-commerce, fintech, digital currencies, and Internet information exchange. While the work on quantum-safe encryption is still in progress, financial institutions should take steps now to prepare for the cryptographic transition, by assessing future and retroactive risks from quantum computers, taking an inventory of their cryptographic algorithms (especially public keys), and building cryptographic agility to improve the overall cybersecurity resilience.

Everyone wants privacy and security online, something that most computer users have more or less given up on as far as their personal data is concerned. There is no shortage of good encryption software, and no shortage of books, articles and essays that purport to be about how to use it. Yet there is precious little for ordinary users who want just enough information about encryption to use it safely and securely and appropriately--WITHOUT having to become experts in cryptography. Data encryption is a powerful tool, if used properly. Encryption turns ordinary, readable data into what looks like gibberish, but gibberish that only the end user can turn back into readable data again. The difficulty of encryption has much to do with deciding what kinds of threats one needs to protect against and then using the proper tool in the correct way. It's kind of like a manual transmission in a car: learning to drive with one is easy; learning to build one is hard. The goal of this title is to present just enough for an average reader to begin protecting his or her data, immediately. Books and articles currently available about encryption start out with statistics and reports on the costs of data loss, and quickly get bogged down in cryptographic theory and jargon followed by attempts to comprehensively list all the latest and greatest tools and techniques. After step-by-step walkthroughs of the download and install process, there's precious little room left for what most readers really want: how to encrypt a thumb drive or email message, or digitally sign a data file. There are terabytes of content that explain how cryptography works, why it's important, and all the different pieces of software that can be used to do it; there is precious little content available that couples concrete threats to data with explicit responses to those threats. This title fills that niche. By reading this title readers will be provided with a step by step hands-on guide that includes: Simple descriptions of actual threat scenarios Simple, step-by-step instructions for securing data How to use open source, time-proven and peer-reviewed cryptographic software Easy to follow tips for safer computing Unbiased and platform-independent coverage of encryption tools and techniques Simple descriptions of actual threat scenarios Simple, step-by-step instructions for securing data How to use open source, time-proven and peer-reviewed cryptographic software Easy-to-follow tips for safer computing Unbiased and platform-independent coverage of encryption tools and techniques

This book comprehensively reviews searchable encryption, which represents a series of research developments that directly enable search functionality over encrypted data. The book majorly covers: 1) the design and implementation of encrypted search algorithms, data structures, and systems that facilitate various forms of search over always-encrypted databases; 2) different threat models, assumptions, and the related security guarantees, when using searchable encryption in the real-world settings; and 3) latest efforts in building full-fledged encrypted database systems that draw insights from searchable encryption constructions. The book fits in the timely context, where the necessity of safeguarding important and sensitive data has been globally recognized. Traditional security measures, such as storing data behind network firewalls and layers of access control mechanisms to keep attackers out, are no longer sufficient to cope with the expanding landscape of surging cyber threats. There is an urgent call to keep sensitive data always encrypted to protect the data at rest, in transit, and in use. Doing so guarantees data confidentiality for owners, even if the data is out of their hands, e.g., hosted at in-the-cloud databases. The daunting challenge is how to perform computation over encrypted data. As we unfold in this book, searchable encryption, as a specific line of research in this broadly defined area, has received tremendous advancements over the past decades. This book is majorly oriented toward senior undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers, who want to work in the field and need extensive coverage of encrypted database research. It also targets security practitioners who want to make well-informed deployment choices of the latest advancements in searchable encryption for their targeted applications. Hopefully, this book will be beneficial in both regards.