Enterobacter Sakazakii And Other Microorganisms In Powdered Infant Formula

Cases of listeriosis appear to be predominantly associated with ready-to-eat products. FAO and WHO have undertaken a risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods, prepared and reviewed by an international team of scientists. Input was received from several international fora including expert consultations and Codex Alimentarius committee meetings as well as via public and peer review. This technical report provides complete documentation of the risk assessment, the approaches taken, the data and methodology used, and the results. It also contains four example assessments addressing the risk of listeriosis associated with fresh milk, ice cream, fermented meats and cold-smoked fish. These products were selected to represent typical classes of ready-to-eat products.

In response to a request from Codex for additional advice on this issue FAO/WHO implemented an expert meeting on 16 - 20 January 2006 to address the questions from Codex and evaluate a quantitative risk assessment model for E. sakazakii in powdered infant formula that the organizations had developed.

Jointly issued by the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization. This publication contains the findings of an FAO/WHO expert meeting, held in Geneva in February 2004.

Microorganisms, and in particular Enterobacter sakazakii , in powdered infant formula are considered to be an emerging public health issue. This issue was recently brought to the attention of the Codex Alimentarius, which has decided to revise its Recommended International Code of Hygienic Practices for Foods for Infants and Children in order to address concerns raised by pathogens that may be present in infant formula. FAO and WHO convened an expert meeting with the objective of providing scientific advice to facilitate this revision process. This volume reports on the findings of this meeting. E. sakazakii has caused disease in all age groups. Statistics indicate that infants, in particular pre-term, underweight, or immunocompromised infants, are at greatest risks. Powdered infant formula is not a sterile product and may occasionally contain pathogens even when it meets the current Codex standards. This report looks at a range of control strategies during both manufacture and subsequent use of powdered infant formula that may be implemented to minimize the risk. This volume and others in the Microbiological Risk Assessment Series contain information that is useful to both risk assessors and risk managers, the Codex Alimentarius Commission, governments and food regulatory agencies, industries, caregivers to infants, and other people or institutions with an interest in the area of microorganisms in powdered infant formula, their impact on public health and food trade, and potential control strategies.

This report provides a review of documented Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) infections worldwide in infants and young children as well as the existing surveillance systems and their capacity to capture cases of E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) infection. It reports the discussions and outcome of the third FAO/WHO technical meeting (Washington, D.C., 15-18 July 2008) convened to inform the decision-making process on the development of a microbiological criterion in the Codex Alimentarius--Publisher's description.

This report provides a review of commented Entrobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) infections worldwide in infants and young children as well as the existing surveillance systems and their capacity to capture cases of E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) infection.--Publisher's description.

The second edition of Microorganisms in Foods 7: Microbiological Testing in Food Safety Management updates and expands on information on the role of microbiological testing in modern food safety management systems. After helping the reader understand the often confusing statistical concepts underlying microbiological sampling, the second edition explores how risk assessment and risk management can be used to establish goals such as a “tolerable levels of risk,” Appropriate Levels of Protection, Food Safety Objectives or Performance Objectives for use in controlling foodborne illness. Guidelines for establishing effective management systems for control of specific hazards in foods are also addressed, including new examples for pathogens and indicator organisms in powdered infant formula, Listeria monocytogenes in deli-meats, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in leafy green vegetables, viruses in oysters and Campylobacter in poultry. In addition, a new chapter on application of sampling concept to microbiological methods, expanded chapters covering statistical process control, investigational sampling, environmental sampling, and alternative sampling schemes. The respective roles of industry and government are also explored, recognizing that it is through their collective actions that effective food safety systems are developed and verified. Understanding these systems and concepts can help countries determine whether imported foods were produced with an equivalent level of protection. Microorganisms in Foods 7 is intended for anyone using microbiological testing or setting microbiological criteria, whether for governmental food inspection and control, or industrial applications. It is also intended for those identifying the most effective use of microbiological testing in the food supply chain. For students in food science and technology, this book provides a wealth of information on food safety management principles used by government and industry, with many references for further study. The information was prepared by the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF). The ICMSF was formed in response to the need for internationally acceptable and authoritative decisions on microbiological limits for foods in international commerce. The current membership consists of fifteen food microbiologists from twelve countries, drawn from government, universities, and food processing and related industries.

Human Milk Biochemistry and Infant Formula Manufacturing Technology, Second Edition covers the history of bottle feeding, its advantages and disadvantages when compared with breast-feeding, human milk biochemistry, trends and new developments in infant formula formulation and manufacturing, and best practices in infant formula processing technology and quality control. The book also covers human milk proteomics as a new, separate chapter and provides additional information on infant formula clinical trial guidelines. In addition, the book includes information about the formulation and processing of premature and low birth weight infant formula. This book is sure to be a welcome resource for professionals in the food and infant formula industry, academics and graduate students in fields like nutrition, food sciences, or nursing, nutritionists and health professionals, government officials working in relevant departments, and finally, anyone interested in human milk and infant formula. Reviews both human milk biochemistry and infant formula processing technology for broad coverage Features a comprehensive review on the human milk protein profile using proteomics technology Contains information on infant formula processing technology Provides guidelines on infant formula clinical trials and related topics